Lecture 5 Flashcards
Socialization
What is socialization?
socialization is the process whereby people learn how to function as a member of a particular society
Internalize values, beliefs, principles
What is socialization from a micro + macro perspective?
Micro: discover how to act properly
Macro: provides the continuance of a culture from one generation to the next, results in long term continuance of society
When does primary and secondary socialization occur?
Primary: childhood
Secondary: later in life
What is determinism?
refers to the degree to which an individual behaviour is determined by something specific
ex. genes
What is biological determinism?
genes determine the greater part of who we are
ex. if you are good at sports, you were genetically predisposed to be so)
Who believes that both biological and social factors shape human personality?
Sigmund Freud
What are the three parts of the human mind (freud) ?
ID - represents our unconscious mind (seeks pleasure)
Superego - controls the id
Ego - principle agent of personality, driven by the ID, restrained by the superego
What is behaviourism? What does it believe?
school of thought in social psychology
belief of nurture over nature
emphasizes power of learning
What is behaviour modification?
shaping someones behaviours through rewards and punishments
What is the “Law of Effect”? Who called it this?
Another term for behaviour modification
desired behaviors are rewarded thus reinforced
Made by Edward Thorndike
What is a Agent of Socialization?
Agents of socialization are groups that have a significant impact on one’s socialization (ex. Family, peers, school, social media, religion)
What is Agent of Socialization to yourself?
the distinct identity that sets us apart from others
What is George Herbert Meads two categories of agents of socialization?
- Significant others:
key individuals, parents, whom young children imitate and model themselves after - Generalized others:
general expectations of the society in which the child is socialized
What is George Herbert Meads 3 stages of socialization of a child?
- Preparatory stage:
involves the imitation part of the child - Play stage:
child engages in role taking and assumes the perspective of significant others - Game stage:
children learn from others by participating in games
What is the looking glass self? Who made it? What are the three components?
Charles Cooley
The individual self image is based on how a person thinks view them
Three components
1. how you imagine you appear to others
2. how you imagine others judge your appearance
3. how you feel as a result (proud, confident)
What is symbolic interactionism?
Who investigated the relationship between social class and passing on of parental values to children?
Melvin Kohn
What did Carol Gilligan find on her research of Girls Self-Esteem?
body image issues by patriarchal society
lowers their self-esteem
dip starts happening around teenage years for girls
Who is the most powerful agent of socialization?
Family
What is a peer group?
a social group sharing key characteristics such as age, social position and interests
What is peer pressure?
social force exerted on individuals to conform in doing specific things
peer pressure = socialization in action
What is risk behaviours?
activities that place a person at increased probability of suffering negative consequences
What is broad socialization vs narrow socialization?
Broad:
- cultures in which independence is promoted
- more risk
Narrow:
- cultures that conform to the standards of the community
- less risk
What is Longitudinal Studies? Who made it?
the study on the relationship between violent TV watching and violent behaviour
made by Rowell Huesmann
