Lecture 5

Question 1

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 1

an atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons and they must have opposite spines

electrons must obey this principle while gathering around the nucleus

Question 2

aufbau principle

Answer 2

• simple method to predict the ground electronic state of an atom
• start filling the atomic orbitals from the 1s orbital
• use hunds rule and pauli exclusion principle to predict the final electronic arrangement (configuration

Question 2

hunds rule

Answer 2

when orbitals of equal energy are available, the electrons first spread out without pairing to reduce the repulsive force, and these unpaired electrons will have parallel spins. once all the orbitals are filled by one electron, the the pairing of electrons takes place

Question 3

what are cations

Answer 3

positively charged ions

Question 4

what are anions

Answer 4

negatively charged ioons