Lecture 5 Flashcards
AM is very ……… heavy ?
………. is needed throughout the AM process
software
software
fill in the gaps…
3D data generation aspects:
– Software types to take full advantage of the …….. ……….
– Often requires several different …………… to generate …………. …………..
design freedom
programmes
desired results
what are the 7 different types of 3D modelling
Parametric Modellers
Probably the most …………. form of 3D CAD
What 3 things does it do?
Use equations & relationships to generate ………..-based
parametric CAD data using ..-…… geometry
What examples of this Software are there?
common
– Solid & Surface Modelling, Assemblies & Engineering drawings
B-Rep
– SolidWorks
– Inventor
– Creo (Pro-E)
– Catia
– NX (Unigraphics)
– SpaceClaim
What are 4 common features of Parametric modeling?
Sketch planes
The feature tree
Provides a chronological description of the
modelling process
Allows infinite modification to the design
What are 5 advantages of Parametric 3d modeling
– Parametric – no undo, undo panic
– Solid modelling – simple and intuitive
– Most have a shallow learning curve
– Compatibility with other platforms
– Single platform for modelling, analysis, rendering & animation
What are 3 disadvantages of Parametric 3d modeling
– Surface modelling is limited (presently)
– Struggle with very organic forms(Possible, requires expert knowledge)
– Data & resource heavy
Surface Modellers
Class A surfacing – G3 ……..
– NURBS surface modelling
– Non-Uniform Rational B………
2 examples of this software are
continuity
Spline
– Rhinoceros (Rhino 3D)
– Autodesk Alias
Surface Modellers
• Design to support ………….. & Industrial/………… design sectors
– Powerful ………….. platform
– Fills the gap created by parametric modellers
– Industry standard for …. ……… design (Alias)
– Class A (G3 surfacing)
What is a common feature (in 3 parts)
Automotive, Product
surfacing
car body
– Advanced surface manipulation
• Curvature & tangency
• Continuity blending
• UV controls (Isoparms)
Surfaces modellers
What are 3 advantages of this software type ?
Flowing organic geometry
Advanced surface modelling operations & control
True 3D modelling - not sketch plane-based
Surface modellers
What are the 4 main disadvantages of this type ?
– Non-parametric, lots of deleting &‘undo’
– No feature tree
• Uses layers
– Struggles with ‘simple’ operations –
fillets
– Complex GUI & difficult to master
Polygon Modellers
• Modelling objects by representing or
………….. their surfaces using individual
…………
– Generally ……… but triangles are also possible
What are 4 examples of this type of software
approximating
polygons
quadrilateral
– Autodesk 3DS Max
– Autodesk Maya
– Modo
– Blender
– Z-brush (sculpting)
Polygon modellers
Design to support the ………… & ……………….. sectors
– Incredibly powerful DCC platforms
• D……… C…………C………
– Detailed character modelling
– Photo-realistic rendering
– Cinematic quality animation
What are common features for this type of modeling software
animation, gaming
Digital Content Creation
– Modifiers
• Operators
Polygon Modellers
what is the main advantges of this type of 3D modelling
3D modelling capabilities
• The ability to create almost anything
• Organic, cellular – limitless
Polygon Modellers
What are 4 disadvantages of this 3D modeling method
– Not ‘CAD’ data – compatibility/translation issues
– Not ‘CAD’ modelling – polygon modelling is a different mind-set
– No parametric – sizing is generally ‘guestimation’ (improving)
– Extremely complex GUI & incredibly difficult to master
Hybrid Modellers
Relatively new type of 3D modelling
What are hybrid modellers designed for?
Still in early stages of development - looking very promising
What examples of this type of software are there?
– Designed to provide polygon modelling capabilities to Surface & Solid parametric modellers – CAD data
Examples such as :
Autodesk T-Splines
• Plugin for Rhino
• Plugin for SolidWorks
– SolidThinking Evolve
Hybrid Modelling
What is the main advantage of this type of 3D modelling (in 2 points)
3D modelling capabilities
• The ability to create almost anything
• ‘lossless’ translation from polygon to
CAD data
Hybrid Modellers
What are 3 disadvantages of this form of 3D modelling ?
– Non-parametric, lots of deleting & ‘undo’
– No feature tree
• Uses layers
– Complex GUI & difficult to master
• Requires knowledge of both Polygon &
surface modelling techniques
Generative Modellers
Generative modelling as been around nearly as long as …..
– The generation of complex …………. ………… based on a series of individual/repetitive ‘simple’ modelling operators
– Think lots of ‘extrudes cuts’ in a curved geometry, all
controllable of ……… , …………… and …………
CAD
modelling operations
- Position
- Depth
- Draft etc
Generative Modellers
Generative modelling was only accessible through ……… &…………..
– ……….. ………… Kit (SDK) plugins
• Polygon modelling
– Interest from Architecture & AM pushed development
Give 3 examples of this type of software
coding ,scripting
Self development
– Grasshopper plugin for Rhino
– Genoform plugin for SolidWorks
– Within
Generative Modellers
what are the 3 main advantages ?
– Unlimited parametric control
– 3D modelling capabilities
– ‘flow chart’ architecture
Generative Modellers
What are 2 disadvantages of this form of modelling ?
Disadvantages
– Need to master Rhino
– High modelling abilities
CAE software
• C………. A………… E………….. (CAE) covers a large area, 3 examples include:
• All can play a role in developing 3D data for AM
• ………….. optimisation
– Lots of interest due AM capabilities
– Design freedom enables geometry to be realised
Computer Aided Engineering
Topology
CAE Topology optimisation
- Designed to ‘calculate’ optimal structures for set boundary conditions such as (3 examples)
- 2 examples of this software are..
– Build like nature (cellular organic structures)
– Efficient use of materials
– Maximised performance
– Altair OptiStruct
– SolidThink Inspire
Mesh Modellers
• Mesh modelling covers a range of applications & software,including:
– .. …… …….. manipulation for personalisation
• … - ………. – mesh/scan data to CAD data
– STL data manipulation
• AM systems all require STL data
– Poor ….. = poor ……
• Materialise Magics
– De facto standard
– Alternatives include: NetFabb
3D scan data
Re-topology
data, build
Mesh Modelling: STL manipulation
• Materialise Magics
– Offers a range of STL ……. &
……. operations
– Highlight bad e….., t……..
– Check v………. & d………………
– Improve mesh q………
(triangulation)
– Arrange complete build files
– Ensure STL data if fit for AM
• You should ALWAYS ……… your STL
before AM!
check, repair
edges , triangles
volumes , dimensions
quality
check
Mesh Modelling: 3D scan data manipulation
• 3D scan data manipulation for p……………….
– Re-topology – mesh/scan data to CAD data
• 3D Scan data is not CAD data…
– 3D scanning does provide 3D geometry
– Limited application without significant post-processing
– V…………….. & P…………….. both possible (AM)
• 4 examples 3D scan data to CAD data software
personalisation
Visualisation and physicality
-GeoMagics
– SolidWorks (Addin)
– Polytrans
– Materialise Mimmic
Mesh Modelling: 3D scan data manipulation
• Designed to provide useful o…………..:
– W…… – visualisation of scan data
– C…….-.. – erroneous points & holes
– D……….. – reduce density
– Re-orientation
– Re-Topologies – generate patch layout for surface data
• Surface to Solid CAD data
– Suitable for all modelling operations
– Further manipulation
– Inclusion within new designs
operators
wrap
clean up
Decimate
