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NRSG 213 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

histamine

A

compound found in cells released at times of allergy and inflammation

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2
Q

histamine stimulates other cells and causes…

A

(1) dilation of capillaries
(2) stimulation of secretions
(3) constriction of smooth muscles
(4) accelerated HR

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3
Q

Antihistamines

A

medications that compete for histamine receptor sites to decrease allergy and inflammation.

Prevents histamine from attaching; take before or early in exposure to block the attack

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4
Q

effects of antihistamines

A

(1) relaxes smooth muscle
(2) prevents or reduces glandular secretions
(3) decreases itching
(4) decreases vascular permeability and constricts vessels

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5
Q

s/e of antihistamines

A

Drowsinesss!
dry mouth
constipation

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6
Q

antihistamine medications

A

Loratidine (Claritin) non sedating, OTC
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) non sedating, OTC
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) very sedating, often used as sleep aid

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7
Q

decongestants

A

used to decrease nasal secretions and decrease swollen mucosa

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8
Q

decongestant action

A

shrink blood vessels

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9
Q

decongestant s/e

A

HTN; stimulants

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10
Q

decongestants to remember

A

Pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

  • cause HTN
  • may require prescriptions/ID

Coricidin (combo of Tylenol and Chlorpheniramine)
- no HTN

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11
Q

decongestants are often…

A

combined with other medications in cold meds

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12
Q

Antitussives

A

cough suppressants

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13
Q

how to decide whether to use antitussives?

A

coughing is a normal reflex designed to remove harmful foreign substances. productive (good) vs nonproductive (potentially harmful) – beware before you stop the cough!

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14
Q

antitussive action and s/e

A

suppresses cough center in the brain

s/e: sedation, dizziness

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15
Q

2 classes of antitussives

A

non-opioid and opioid

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16
Q

antitussive medications to remember

A

dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

  • non opioid
  • non narcotic, safe
  • very sedating

codeine

  • opioid
  • narcotic antitussive
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17
Q

expectorants

A

thins secretions of the respiratory tract; relieves dry cough or makes it easier to cough up mucus

18
Q

expectorant action

A

stimulation of glands to make more fluid (keep pt hydrated)

19
Q

expectorant s/e

A

no severe s/e

20
Q

expectorant medication to remember

A

Guaifensin (Mucinex)

Robitussin includes expectorant as an ingredient

21
Q

diseases of lower respiratory system

A

1) asthma
2) COPD
2a) chronic bronchitis
2b) emphysema

22
Q

asthma

A

reversible SOB d/t constricted bronchi and bronchioles

types: allergic (hypersensitivity to allergen in environment) and intrinsic (no known allergy; associated with stress, cold weather, strenuous exercise)

23
Q

asthma s/s

A

associated with bronchospasm, infalmmation, and edema of mucosa of these structures. comes and goes in attacks.

24
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

continuous inflammation of bronchi that secretes excess mucus. due to prlonged exposure of irritants (#1 cause = smoking)

25
Q

emphysema

A

alveolar walls are destroyed making large air spaces in the lungs. leads to decreased oxygen exchange and inlammation of cells (#1 cause = smoking).

26
Q

Beta-agonist bronchodilators

A

stimulates the specific beta-adrenergic receptros in the lungs
beta2 are primarily in the lungs
alpha and beta1 are in the heart and elsewhere

by stimulating beta2 recetpros, smooth muscle is relaxed

27
Q

beta-agonist uses

A
  • acute asthma attacks

- sometimes called “rescue medications”

28
Q

3 types of beta-agonist uses

A

1) non-selective (stimulates all receptors; alpha, beta1, beta2
2) beta-selective (stimulates beta1 and beta2 only)
3) beta2-selective (stimulates beta2 only)

29
Q

s/e of beta agonists

A

1) nonselective: cause insomnia, restlessness, cardiac stimulation, tremors
2) beta-selective: cardiac stimulation and tremors
3) beta2-selective: tremors, headaches, hypotension

30
Q

beta2 selective agonists to know

A

Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) - PO, often inhaled; if used too much, sfx increase

Levalbuterol (Xopenex) - increases cAMP, relaxing smooth muscle. inhaled; causes less tachycardia

31
Q

beta selective agonists to know

A

Metaprotenol (Alupent) - inhaled

32
Q

nonselective agonists to know

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) - many side effects (FFF); opens lungs, races heart, decreased allergic rxn; rescue med

33
Q

Xanthine Derivative Bronchodilators

A
  • dilates the airways by preventing the breakdown of the substance cyclic adenosine monophosphate
34
Q

mechanisms of xanthine derivative bronchodilators

A
  1. relax smooth muscles, which decrease bronchospasm and open ariway
  2. stimulates the CNS to increase HR and contraction force of heart
  3. dilates blood vessels around kidneys, increasing kidney fn
35
Q

xanthine derivative bronchidilator uses

A

maintenance of asthma, COPD, heart failure, and pulmonary edema.

NOT GOOD for acute attacks

36
Q

s/e of xanthine derivative bronchidilator

A

GI upset, increased urination, increased HR

37
Q

xanthine derivative bronchidilator medication to remember

A

Theophylline

  • PO, rectal, IV, PO XL
  • blood tests are run to maintain therapeutic level
38
Q

corticosteroids

A

also used to decrease inflammatory airway disease.

natural steroid hormone; can be inhaled, oral, or IV

39
Q

corticosteroid s/e

A
  • increases blood sugar; decreases natural adrenal gland fn w long term use
40
Q

corticosteroids to know

A

Prednisone, Decadron, Vanceril

41
Q

lung medication types

A

inhalers: local fx, open up breathing passages

m hormones: some hormones are inhaled, e.g. anti-diuretic hormone

42
Q

lung med admin notes

A
  • wait 2 min b/t puffs w 2 diff inhalers
  • wash inhaler 1x/wk
  • give bronchodilator first
  • give steroid second
  • float test for checking how full it is

NRSG 213 (9 decks)

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