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REM 311 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Density Independent processes

A

The population growth rate is independent of the population size
Population growth is limited by other factors such as environmental conditions or harvest

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2
Q

Describe Density Dependent Processes

A

Population growth rate is dependent on the population size

Population growth is regulated by internal factors

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3
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum size at which a population size stabilizes

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4
Q

What is the logistic growth model?

A

A model that incorporates density dependent effects of declining resources on the trajectory of a population

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5
Q

How do you identify density dependent effects in a population?

A

Calculate a per capita rate of change for an aspect of the population
Plot the per capita rate of change vs the N
Observe the shape of the resulting plot

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6
Q

What is the shape of a per capita rate of change graph that is showing density dependence?

A

The resulting plot won’t be flat and horizontal

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7
Q

What is the shape of a per capita rate of change plot that is showing density independence?

A

The resulting plot will be flat and horizontal

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8
Q

What kind of graph do you need in order to determine if a population is experiencing density dependence?

A

The y axis needs to be a per capita rate

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9
Q

What is a compensatory process?

A

is a type of density dependent process
Is a negative feedback
Increased rates of population growth as the population decreases
Decreased rates of population growth as the population increases
“compensates for changes in the population size”
It results from competition for resources
The types of competition that result in compensatory processes are exploitation competition and interference competition

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10
Q

What is Exploitation Competition?

A

Competition is indirect, so individuals share a resource but don’t come into physical contact.
Can result in compensatory process

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11
Q

What is interference competition?

A

Direct competition, so individuals interact directly with each other to fight over resources.
Can result in compensatory process

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12
Q

What is a depensatory procsses?

A

A type of density dependent effect
Positive feedback loop
So an increase in per capita rate as the population increases or
A decrease in the per capita rate as the population decreases
For example, schooling, flocking, herding or allee effects because reproduction decreases as the population goes down

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13
Q

What is the allee affect?

A

the effect where population growth is reduced due to undercrowing

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14
Q

What is scramble competition?

A

Competition where the resources are shared equally between all individuals in the population
When N increases the resources become depleted and all individuals suffer equally. Model this with the ricker recruitment curve

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15
Q

What is contest competition?

A

Competition where resources are shared unequally between the individuals in a population. Modelled with the Beverton Holt model

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16
Q

what kind of model would you use for scramble competition?

A

The ricker recruitment curve

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17
Q

What kind of model would you use to describe contest competition?

A

The beverton holt model

18
Q

What model uses the equation:

Nt+1 = Nt*e^r(1-Nt/K)

A

The ricker recruitment model

19
Q

What happens when Nt equals K in the ricker recruitment model?

A

The term r(1-Nt/K) is equal to zero, so the e part goes to 1, so the population is now stable

20
Q

What is the name of the straight line in the ricker recruitment model?

A

The 1:1 replacement line

21
Q

What is the name of the curved line in the ricker recruitment model?

A

The recruitment curve

22
Q

How do you calculate the slope of the secant line?

A

Rise over run

23
Q

What does it mean if the secant line slope on the ricker recruitment curve is positive?

A

That the population is increasing

24
Q

Describe the slopes of the secant lines at the early part of the ricker recruitment curve

A

the slopes of the secant lines are greater than 1
However the slope of the secant lines are decreasing as the population size increases, meaning that even thought he population is growing, the rate of increase is decreasing

25
Q

Describe the slope of the secant lines of the ricker recruitment curve at the centre part of the curve

A

the slopes of the decant lines greater than 1

The slopes are decreasing meaning that the rate of increase is now decreasing

26
Q

Describe the slopes of the secant lines on the last part of the ricker recruitment curve

A

The slopes are now less than one, and the slopes are still decreasing with increasing population size

27
Q

Where is K on the ricker recruitment curve?

A

It is the point where the recruitment curve and the 1:1 replacement line intersect.

28
Q

What happens when Nt is below K in the ricker recruitment model?

A

The recruitment increases

29
Q

What happens when Nt is higher than K in the ricker recruitment model?

A

The recruitment decreases

30
Q

What is a time series graph

A

time on x axis and population size on y axis

31
Q

What is a population rate of change graph?

A

N on the x axis and dN/dt on the Y axis

32
Q

What is a per capita rate of change graph?

A

N on the x axis and dN/dt/N on the Y axis

33
Q

What happens when N is larger than K?

A

the change in population size with respect to time becomes negative, meaning that the population size is now shrinking

34
Q

What are the types of models that could show density independent effects?

A

The exponential or geometric models

35
Q

What is the Ricker Recruitment Model?

A

Has Nt on the X axis and Nt+1 on the Y axis
Shows you what the population next year will be based on the population this year.
Includes a 1:1 replacement line. when the curve inetersects this line, the population is stable

36
Q

Competition is indirect, so individuals share a resource but don’t come into physical contact.
Can result in compensatory process

A

Exploitation competition

37
Q

Direct competition, so individuals interact directly with each other to fight over resources.
Can result in compensatory process

A

Interference competition

38
Q

A type of density dependent effect
Positive feedback loop
So an increase in per capita rate as the population increases or
A decrease in the per capita rate as the population decreases
For example, schooling, flocking, herding or allee effects because reproduction decreases as the population goes down

A

Depensatory process

39
Q

Competition where the resources are shared equally between all individuals in the population
When N increases the resources become depleted and all individuals suffer equally. Model this with the ricker recruitment curve

A

Scramble competition

40
Q

Competition where resources are shared unequally between the individuals in a population. Modelled with the Beverton Holt model

A

Contest competition

REM 311 (11 decks)

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