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Athletic Care Injury > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is trauma?

A

bodily injury or shock

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2
Q

What is mechanical injury?

A

Results from a force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter.

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3
Q

Body tissue contains what properties?

A

Both viscous and elastic properties. (viscoelastic)

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4
Q

Yield point

A

Point at which elasticity is almost exceeded

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5
Q

What happens when the yield point is exceeded?

A

mechanical failure occurs resulting in damage

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6
Q

Tension

A

force that pulls and stretches tissue

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7
Q

Stretching

A

pull beyond yield point resulting in damage

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8
Q

Compression

A

force that results in tissue crush

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9
Q

Shearing

A

force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue

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10
Q

Bending

A

force on a horizontal beam that places stress within the structure

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11
Q

What are some inert tissues?

A

ligaments, skin, cartilage, capsules, fascia, dura mater, and nerve roots

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12
Q

What are some contractile tissues?

A

muscles and its parts like tendons and bony insertions

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13
Q

How do we get hematoma?

A

Blood and lymph fluid flow into the surrounding tissue of a contusion.

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14
Q

What can happen with a severe contusion?

A

Fascia surrounding the muscle ruptures allowing muscle to protrude

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15
Q

What is a common way to get a strain?

A

Abnormal muscle contraction causes a stretch, rip, or tear to muscle or adjacent tissue

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16
Q

Grade 1 muscle strain

A

some fibers have been stretched or actually torn resulting in tenderness and pain on AROM, movement painful but full range present

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17
Q

Grade 2 muscle strain

A

number of fibers have been torn and active contraction is painful, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result

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18
Q

Grade 3 muscle strain

A

Complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, with initially a great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage

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19
Q

Clonic muscle spasm

A

alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession

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20
Q

Tonic muscle contraction

A

rigid contraction that lasts a period of time

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21
Q

Acute-onset muscle soreness

A

accompanies fatigue and is transient muscle pain experienced immediately after exercise

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22
Q

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

A

pain that occurs 24-48 hours following activity that gradually subsides

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23
Q

How do you avoid muscle soreness?

A

Gradual build up of intensity, static or PNF stretching, and ice within 48-72 hours

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24
Q

Muscle Guarding

A

Following an injury, muscles within an effected area contract (involuntary) to splint the area in an effort to minimize pain through limitation of motion

25
Q

Latent trigger point

A

Does not cause pain, only aware of it when pressure is applied

26
Q

Active trigger point

A

Causes pain at rest, jump sign when pressure is applied

27
Q

moyositis/fascitis/myofascitis

A

inflammation of muscle tissue and fibrositis

28
Q

tendinitis/tendonitis

A

gradual onset with diffuse tenderness due to repeated obvious signs of swelling and pain

29
Q

tendonosis

A

a chronic condition that usually starts as tendinitis, no edema present, more common than tendinitis

30
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of synovial sheath

31
Q

Ectopic calcification (myositis ossificans)

A

striated muscle becomes chonically inflamed resulting in myositis. can result in muscle that lies directly over above bone.

32
Q

What is contracture?

A

abnormal shortening of muscle where there is a great deal of resistance to passive stretch

33
Q

What causes fibroblasts influx and increased collagen production?

A

Repetitive stress on tendon

34
Q

Are joints moveable? Or immovable?

A

Both: synarthrotic=immovable
amphiarthrotic=slightly moveable
diarthrotic=freely moveable

35
Q

What holds bones together?

A

Fibrous cuff known as a joint capsule

36
Q

How does the synovial membrane change viscosity?

A

fast movement-thins fluid

slow movement- fluid thickens

37
Q

What does articular cartilage do?

A

provides firm flexible support

38
Q

Are ligaments strong?

A

They are strong in the middle but weak at the ends.

39
Q

Stress on a ligament can lead to what?

A

Avulsion injury

40
Q

Where can you find articular disks and what do they do?

A

in joints that operate in 2 planes of motion. They disperse synovial fluid.

41
Q

What is a major factor in injury?

A

viscoelastic properties

42
Q

What is the result of repeated joint trauma?

A

Capsulitis

43
Q

What can develop after the mistreatment of a joint injury?

A

Synovitis

44
Q

Osteochondrosis

A

degenerative changes to epiphysis of bone during rapid child growth

45
Q

osteoarthritis

A

wearing away of hyaline cartlage as a result of normal use

46
Q

periosteum

A

outer layering of bone that contains nerve endings

47
Q

Salter-Harris injuries

A

Skeletal injuries that include epiphyseal conditions

48
Q

apophyseal injuries

A

injuries at the site of origin and insertion for muscles

49
Q

What are 2 common apophyseal injuries?

A

Sever’s disease and Osgood-Schlatter’s disease

50
Q

What’s a fancy word for “stingers” caused by direct trauma?

A

neuropraxia

51
Q

What are the two main causes of nerve injury?

A

compression and tension

52
Q

What is a long term nerve injury?

A

neuritis

53
Q

What causes overuse injuries?

A

abnormal and repetitive stress and microtraumas

54
Q

What should you do if someone has poor biomechanics?

A

NOTHING! Unless it causes them problems like pain.

55
Q

What are your ears made of?

A

elastic stuff

56
Q

What is your nasal septum, trachea, or bronchi made of?

A

Hyaline

57
Q

What are your menisci made of?

A

fibrocartilage

58
Q

What happens with dislocation

A

loss of limb function
gross deformity
swelling and point tenderness

Athletic Care Injury (1 decks)

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