Lecture 5 Flashcards
(58 cards)
What is trauma?
bodily injury or shock
What is mechanical injury?
Results from a force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter.
Body tissue contains what properties?
Both viscous and elastic properties. (viscoelastic)
Yield point
Point at which elasticity is almost exceeded
What happens when the yield point is exceeded?
mechanical failure occurs resulting in damage
Tension
force that pulls and stretches tissue
Stretching
pull beyond yield point resulting in damage
Compression
force that results in tissue crush
Shearing
force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue
Bending
force on a horizontal beam that places stress within the structure
What are some inert tissues?
ligaments, skin, cartilage, capsules, fascia, dura mater, and nerve roots
What are some contractile tissues?
muscles and its parts like tendons and bony insertions
How do we get hematoma?
Blood and lymph fluid flow into the surrounding tissue of a contusion.
What can happen with a severe contusion?
Fascia surrounding the muscle ruptures allowing muscle to protrude
What is a common way to get a strain?
Abnormal muscle contraction causes a stretch, rip, or tear to muscle or adjacent tissue
Grade 1 muscle strain
some fibers have been stretched or actually torn resulting in tenderness and pain on AROM, movement painful but full range present
Grade 2 muscle strain
number of fibers have been torn and active contraction is painful, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result
Grade 3 muscle strain
Complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, with initially a great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage
Clonic muscle spasm
alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession
Tonic muscle contraction
rigid contraction that lasts a period of time
Acute-onset muscle soreness
accompanies fatigue and is transient muscle pain experienced immediately after exercise
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
pain that occurs 24-48 hours following activity that gradually subsides
How do you avoid muscle soreness?
Gradual build up of intensity, static or PNF stretching, and ice within 48-72 hours
Muscle Guarding
Following an injury, muscles within an effected area contract (involuntary) to splint the area in an effort to minimize pain through limitation of motion
