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A: MSK UQ > Lecture 4A: Thoracic Spine Adn Ribs Fucntional Antomy And Biomechanics > Flashcards

Lecture 4A: Thoracic Spine Adn Ribs Fucntional Antomy And Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is included int he anterior column of the spine

A

Vertrabl bodies

IVD

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2
Q

What is included int he posterior column of the spine

A

Articular process and facet joints

Provides a gliding mechanism for movement

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3
Q

What is the posteiror articulations of the spinal segment

A

Articulations between supper articular process of inferior vertebra and inferior articular processes of superior vertebra

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4
Q

Which articular structures favor axial rotation

A

Horizontal

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5
Q

the vertical articular structures block what

A

Axial rotation

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6
Q

What plane does the T spine assume an almost vertical direction

A

frontal

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7
Q

The TYPE OF MOTION at the spine is governed by what 3 things

A
  • Shape and orientation of articulations
  • Ligaments and muscles of segment
  • Size and location of segment’s articulating processes
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8
Q

The amount of avaiable motion at the spine is affected by what 6 things

A
  • Disc-vertebral height ratio
  • Compliance of fibrocartilage
  • Dimensions and shape of adjacent vertebral end plates
  • Age
  • Disease
  • Gender
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9
Q

What is the largest avascualr strucutre in the body

A

IVD

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10
Q

What aren the 3 parts each IVD have

A

NP
AP
End plate

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11
Q

What are the 5 major stresses that the IVD resist

A

• Axial compression
• Shearing
• Bending
• Twisting
• Combined motion

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12
Q

What is a common MOI for disc herniation

A

Bending and twisting

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13
Q

What is the CT junction

A

Mobile lower c spine meets stiff upper T spine

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14
Q

Where is the TL junction

A

Located between t spine w large ability to rotate and L spine w limited rotation

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of spinal stability

A

Mechanical (static)

Controlled (dynamic)

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16
Q

What is the most rigid region of the spine

A

Thoracic

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17
Q

What is the functions of the thoracic spine

A

• Protects thoracic viscera
• Transfers load b/t upper and lower body regions

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18
Q

What gives u the kyphtoic posture in the T spine the disc or vertebral body

A

Body

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19
Q

What Demi (costal) facets are considered typical and why

A

T2-T9 - ribs articulate w costal facets above and below and w disc

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20
Q

What Demi (costal) facets are considered atypical and why

A

T1, t10 , t 11, t12 - ribs articular w respective vertebrae

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21
Q

Is the vertebral body in the T spine bigger posterior or anterior

A

Posteriorly

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22
Q

How much structures attach to 1st rib and body of T 1

A

32

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23
Q

_ are on the same levelas corresponding vertebral body

A

TPs

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24
Q

How is the SP and TP oriented in the T spine

A

Changes based on level

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25
Q

What plane is the facet joints angled in the T spine

A

Coronal

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26
Q

What does the facet joints in the T spine favor

A

Rotation and SB

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27
Q

How are teh facets facing in the upper . Middle and lower T spine

A

Upper- between 45-60° from horizontal

Middle- 90° from horizontal

Lower- included towards sagittal plan

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28
Q

What is the thoracic spine rule of 3;s

A

• T1-3: SP same level as TP
• T4-6: SP 1⁄2 level down from TP
• T7-9: SP 1 level down from TP
• T10: 1 level down from TP
• T11: 1⁄2 level down from TP
• T12: SP same level as TP

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29
Q

Since the IV foramina is larger at the T spine it is less common for what

A

Radiculopathy

30
Q

What part of the spinal canal in the T spine is the narrowest? What does this increase the change of

A

T4-T9

Increase chance of spinal cord compression —> myelopathy

31
Q

Is it common to herniate a disc in the thoracic spine

32
Q

What ligament connects lamina of adjacent vertebra

A

Ligamentum flavum

33
Q

Where does the supraspinous ligament connect

A

Tips of SPs

34
Q

What ligament blends w the supraspinous ligament

A

Interspinous lig

35
Q

What is the primary function of the rib

A

Protect heart and lungs

36
Q

What ribs are true, false and floating

A

1-7= true - attach directly to sternum
8-10= false - attach to costchondral cartilage
11, 12= floating - unattached anteriorly

37
Q

What cervical rib is most commonly reported

A

C7

Often identified secondary to pts developing TOS

38
Q

the articular tubercle of the ribs is ___ and the TP is ___

A

Convex
Concave

39
Q

What kind of joint is the Cost0 vertebral joint

A

Synovial joint

40
Q

Wht ligament of the CV joint is a fan shaped and connects head of rib to 2 adjacent vertebral bodies and disc

41
Q

T/f: ribs connect to 1 vertebrae

A

F , multiple

42
Q

Do ribs also connect to thoracic disc

43
Q

What can Mimi thoraci disc issues

A

Rib dysfucntion

44
Q

What kind of joint is the Costo transverse joint

A

synovial joint

45
Q

What is the CostoTranverse joint

A

TP and rib tubercle

46
Q

Where does the superior CT lig attach

A

Inferior TP to superior border of adjacent rib below

47
Q

T_, T_, and T_ are costo sternal joint —>

A

T1, T6, T7

Synchondrosis joint - dont move much

48
Q

What costosternal joints are synovial joints

49
Q

Mm of the T spine are divided into what 2 groups

A

Spinal or extremity motion

Or

Respiration

50
Q

What mm affect spinal motin of the T spine (7)

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis
  • Semispinalis
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores
  • Intertransversii
51
Q

What mm affect the extremity motion of the T spine

A
  • Pec major ( think fb players)
  • Lat dorsi
  • Serratus anterior ( important part of force couple for normla scapular upward rotation and posterior tipping)
  • Psoas
  • Quadratus lumborum
52
Q

What mm affected respiration in the t spine (5)

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostals ( External ,internal, Transverse)
  • Transversus
  • Levator costae
  • Serratus Posterior (Superior & Inferior)
53
Q

The thoracic spinal cord is ___ packed into SC making it unusually susceptible to injury

54
Q

All spinal nerves in the T spine have a ___ component

A

Sympathetic

55
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation for the

Head:
UEs:
Trunk/thorax:
LEs:

A

• Head: T1-2
• UEs: T3-7
• Trunk/thorax: T1-12
• LEs: T7-12

56
Q

What are teh important peripheral nerves in the thoracic region (3)

A

• Dorsal scapular nerve
• Thoracodorsal nerve
• Long thoracic nerve

57
Q

___ overlap frequently in thoracic region making it difficult to determine affected spinal levels through sensory testing

A

Dermatomes

58
Q

Thoracic region supported mainly by ___ ___ arteries

A

Posterior inercostal

59
Q

What spinal cord region in the T spine is poorly vascualrized

60
Q

During thoracic flexion how does the facets move

A

Up and forward

61
Q

During thoracic extension how does the facets move

A

Down and back

62
Q

During thoracic R SB how does the R and L facets move

A

• R facet moves down and back,
L facet moves up and forward

63
Q

During thoracic R rotation how does the R and L facets move

A

• R facet moves down and back, L facet moves up and forward

64
Q

Where can pure axial rotation occur (2 points)

A

CT junction and TL junction

65
Q

The upper t spine (___) produces what kind of rib movement?

The lower t spine (___) produces what kind of rib movement

A

Pump T1-T6
Buckle T7-T10

66
Q

In the uppe t spine the rib elevation increases in what diameter of the chest

67
Q

In the lower t spine the rib elevation increases in what diameter of the chest

68
Q

During inspiration what happens at the diaphragm

A

Contraction and descends

69
Q

During expiration what happens at the diaphragm

A

Relaxes and raises

70
Q

During expiration what happens at the diaphragm

A: MSK UQ (20 decks)

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