Lecture 4a - Eating disorders and Obesity

Question 1

What are the most common forms of Eating disorders?

Answer 1

1. Anorexia nervosa

2. Bulimia nervosa

Question 2

Characteristics of Anorexia and Bulimia?

Answer 2

1. Intense and pathological fear of becoming overweight and fat
2. Pursuit of thinness that is relentless and sometimes deadly

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 3

1. Fear of gaining weight

2. Refusal to maintain normal weight

Question 4

What are the types of Anorexia nervosa?

Answer 4

1. Restricting type

2. Binge-eating purging type

Question 5

What are the subtypes of DSM-5 Anorexia?

Answer 5

1. Restricting subtype - limit caloric intake via diet and fasting
2. Binge-eating-purging subtype

Question 6

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 6

1. Frequent episodes of binge eating
2. Lack of control over eating
3. Recurrent inappropriate behavior

Question 7

What are the two types of Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 7

1. Purging type
Vomitting
Laxatives
Diuretics
2. Non-purging type
Fasting
Exercise

Question 8

What is a Binge Eating disorder?

Answer 8

1. Frequent episodes of binge eating
2. Typically overweight or obese
3. No compensatory weight loss behaviors

Question 9

Age of Onset of Anorexia nervosa?

Answer 9

15-19 years old

Question 10

Age of onset of Bulimia nervosa?

Answer 10

Women 20-24 years old

Question 11

Prevalence of Eating disorders in the US?

Answer 11

Binge eating disorder - 3.5% women and 2% men
Anorexia nervosa - 9% women and 3% men
Bulimia - 1,5% - women and 5% men

Question 12

Medical complications of Eating disorders?

Answer 12

Anorexia can lead to:

1. Death form heart arrhythmias
2. Kidney damage
3. Renal failure

Non-purging type:

1. Electrolytic imbalances
2. Hypokalemia
3. Hands, throat and teeth damage

Question 13

Recovering rates for Anorexia

Answer 13

After 21 years
51% - fully recovered
21% partially recovered
10% not recovered
16% no longer alive

Question 14

Recovering rates for Bullimia

Answer 14

After 11-12 years

70% in remission

Question 15

Recovering rates for Binge eating

Answer 15

After 6 years

60% in remission

Question 16

Diagnostic crossover in Eating disorders

Answer 16

AN-BP - Anorexia nervosa-Binge-purge subtype - cross over with Bulimia nervosa and reciprocal

Binge eating disorder - cross over with Bulimia nervosa and reciprocal

Anorexia nervosa restrictive subtype - cross over with Anorexia nervosa binge purge subtype

Question 17

What are the other forms of psychopathology associated with Eating disorders?

Answer 17

1. Clinical depression
2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
3. Substance abuse disorders
4. Various personality disorders

Question 18

Eating disorders are more common in whites/Asians or African Americans?

Answer 18

White and Asians

Question 19

What are the causes of Bulimia and Anorexia?

Answer 19

1. Media and cultural considerations - Being thin=success
2. Cultural imperative for thinness - Translates into dieting
3. Standards of ideal body size - Change as much as fashion
4. Media standards of the ideal - Are difficult to achieve

Question 20

What are the Biological factors in Eating disorders?

Answer 20

1. Hereditary tendency
2. Set-point theory
3. Brain abnormalities
4. Serotonin

Question 21

What are the Sociocultural factors of Eating disorders?

Answer 21

1. Media-related idealized extreme thinness
2. Female internalized ideal
3. Western values towards thinness

Question 22

What are the individual risk factors for eating disorders?

Answer 22

1. Gender
2. Age
3. Internalization of thin ideal
4. Perfectionism
5. Negative body image
6. Dieting
7. Negative emotionality
8. Childhood sexual abuse

Question 23

What are the treatments of Eating disorders?

Answer 23

1. Challenging

2. Hospital commitment

Question 24

What are the treatment for Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 24

1. Emergency procedures to restore weight
2. Antidepressants or other medications
3. Family therapy
4. Cognitive behaviour therapy

Question 25

What are the treatments for Bulimia nervosa?

Answer 25

1. Antidepressants or other medications | 2. Cognitive behaviour therapy

Question 26

What are the treatments for Binge-Eating disorder?

Answer 26

1. Antidepressants and other medication | 2. Cognitive behaviour and interpersonal therapy

Question 27

How is defined Obesity?

Answer 27

By body mass index

Question 28

What are the risk and causal factors in obesity?

Answer 28

1. Genetic inheritance 2. Hormones 3. Sociocultural influences 4. Family influences 5. Stress and "comfort food"

Question 29

The role of genes in obesity

Answer 29

1. Evolutionary genetics | 2. Genetic mutation

Question 30

The role of hormones in obesity

Answer 30

1. Hormones regulate appetite and weight regulation Leptin Grehlin

Question 31

What are the sociocultural influences of obesity?

Answer 31

1. Time pressure 2. Restaurante portions 3. Immigrants to U.S

Question 32

What are the family influences for obesity?

Answer 32

1. High-fat, high-calorie diet 2. Eating to alleviate distress or show love 3. Overfeeding 4. Socially contagious obesity

Question 33

What are comfort foods?

Answer 33

Foods high in fat and carbohydrates

Question 34

Stimuli and conditions for eating comfort food

Answer 34

1. watching tv 2. watching movies 3. attending parties 4. becoming anxious, angry or bored

Question 35

Pathways to obesity

Answer 35

1. Social pressure to be thin - body dissatisfaction - Dieting - diet failure- Binge eating 2. Negative emotions - Binge eating - Weight gain

Question 36

What is the treatment for obesity?

Answer 36

1. Lifestyle modifications 2. Medications 3. Bariatric surgery