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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > Lecture 4a - Eating disorders and Obesity > Flashcards

Lecture 4a - Eating disorders and Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common forms of Eating disorders?

A
  1. Anorexia nervosa

2. Bulimia nervosa

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2
Q

Characteristics of Anorexia and Bulimia?

A
  1. Intense and pathological fear of becoming overweight and fat
  2. Pursuit of thinness that is relentless and sometimes deadly
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa?

A
  1. Fear of gaining weight

2. Refusal to maintain normal weight

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4
Q

What are the types of Anorexia nervosa?

A
  1. Restricting type

2. Binge-eating purging type

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5
Q

What are the subtypes of DSM-5 Anorexia?

A
  1. Restricting subtype - limit caloric intake via diet and fasting
  2. Binge-eating-purging subtype
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6
Q

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

A
  1. Frequent episodes of binge eating
  2. Lack of control over eating
  3. Recurrent inappropriate behavior
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7
Q

What are the two types of Bulimia Nervosa?

A 
1. Purging type
Vomitting
Laxatives
Diuretics
2. Non-purging type
Fasting
Exercise
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8
Q

What is a Binge Eating disorder?

A
  1. Frequent episodes of binge eating
  2. Typically overweight or obese
  3. No compensatory weight loss behaviors
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9
Q

Age of Onset of Anorexia nervosa?

A

15-19 years old

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10
Q

Age of onset of Bulimia nervosa?

A

Women 20-24 years old

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11
Q

Prevalence of Eating disorders in the US?

A

Binge eating disorder - 3.5% women and 2% men
Anorexia nervosa - 9% women and 3% men
Bulimia - 1,5% - women and 5% men

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12
Q

Medical complications of Eating disorders?

A

Anorexia can lead to:

  1. Death form heart arrhythmias
  2. Kidney damage
  3. Renal failure

Non-purging type:

  1. Electrolytic imbalances
  2. Hypokalemia
  3. Hands, throat and teeth damage
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13
Q

Recovering rates for Anorexia

A 
After 21 years
51% - fully recovered
21% partially recovered
10% not recovered
16% no longer alive
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14
Q

Recovering rates for Bullimia

A

After 11-12 years

70% in remission

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15
Q

Recovering rates for Binge eating

A

After 6 years

60% in remission

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16
Q

Diagnostic crossover in Eating disorders

A

AN-BP - Anorexia nervosa-Binge-purge subtype - cross over with Bulimia nervosa and reciprocal

Binge eating disorder - cross over with Bulimia nervosa and reciprocal

Anorexia nervosa restrictive subtype - cross over with Anorexia nervosa binge purge subtype

17
Q

What are the other forms of psychopathology associated with Eating disorders?

A
  1. Clinical depression
  2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  3. Substance abuse disorders
  4. Various personality disorders
18
Q

Eating disorders are more common in whites/Asians or African Americans?

A

White and Asians

19
Q

What are the causes of Bulimia and Anorexia?

A
  1. Media and cultural considerations - Being thin=success
  2. Cultural imperative for thinness - Translates into dieting
  3. Standards of ideal body size - Change as much as fashion
  4. Media standards of the ideal - Are difficult to achieve
20
Q

What are the Biological factors in Eating disorders?

A
  1. Hereditary tendency
  2. Set-point theory
  3. Brain abnormalities
  4. Serotonin
21
Q

What are the Sociocultural factors of Eating disorders?

A
  1. Media-related idealized extreme thinness
  2. Female internalized ideal
  3. Western values towards thinness
22
Q

What are the individual risk factors for eating disorders?

A
  1. Gender
  2. Age
  3. Internalization of thin ideal
  4. Perfectionism
  5. Negative body image
  6. Dieting
  7. Negative emotionality
  8. Childhood sexual abuse
23
Q

What are the treatments of Eating disorders?

A
  1. Challenging

2. Hospital commitment

24
Q

What are the treatment for Anorexia Nervosa?

A
  1. Emergency procedures to restore weight
  2. Antidepressants or other medications
  3. Family therapy
  4. Cognitive behaviour therapy
25
Q

What are the treatments for Bulimia nervosa?

A
  1. Antidepressants or other medications

2. Cognitive behaviour therapy

26
Q

What are the treatments for Binge-Eating disorder?

A
  1. Antidepressants and other medication

2. Cognitive behaviour and interpersonal therapy

27
Q

How is defined Obesity?

A

By body mass index

28
Q

What are the risk and causal factors in obesity?

A
  1. Genetic inheritance
  2. Hormones
  3. Sociocultural influences
  4. Family influences
  5. Stress and “comfort food”
29
Q

The role of genes in obesity

A
  1. Evolutionary genetics

2. Genetic mutation

30
Q

The role of hormones in obesity

A
  1. Hormones regulate appetite and weight regulation
    Leptin
    Grehlin
31
Q

What are the sociocultural influences of obesity?

A
  1. Time pressure
  2. Restaurante portions
  3. Immigrants to U.S
32
Q

What are the family influences for obesity?

A
  1. High-fat, high-calorie diet
  2. Eating to alleviate distress or show love
  3. Overfeeding
  4. Socially contagious obesity
33
Q

What are comfort foods?

A

Foods high in fat and carbohydrates

34
Q

Stimuli and conditions for eating comfort food

A
  1. watching tv
  2. watching movies
  3. attending parties
  4. becoming anxious, angry or bored
35
Q

Pathways to obesity

A
  1. Social pressure to be thin - body dissatisfaction - Dieting - diet failure- Binge eating
  2. Negative emotions - Binge eating - Weight gain
36
Q

What is the treatment for obesity?

A
  1. Lifestyle modifications
  2. Medications
  3. Bariatric surgery

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (7 decks)

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