Lecture 4.2: Metabolism Regulation Flashcards
1. Describe ketogenesis and when this would occur. 2. Describe how the metabolic processes presented in this lecture are influenced by hormonal control (this is review/integration from endocrine). 3. Describe the terms lipolysis, lipogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis, and proteolysis. 4. Distinguish the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. 5. Compare the effects of insulin and glucagon on plasma glucose levels and cellular glucose
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycolysis is always occurring
- High blood glucose
– Glycogenesis - Low blood glucose
– Glycogenolysis
– Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Glucose → Glycogen
High Blood Pressure
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen → Glucose
Low blood glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Glycerol, amino acids → Glucose
Low blood glucose
Pancreatic Endocrine Function
- Endo cells found in pancreatic islets
- Secrete insulin and glucagon
- Ration of two hormones is what regulates body-wide metabolism
HYPOglycemia
Glucagon released
↑ glycogenolysis (liver)
↑ gluconeogenesis (liver)
↑ BLOOD GLUCOSE
HYPERglycemia
Insulin released
↑ glucose uptake (facilitated diffusion)
↑ amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
↑ glycogenesis and lipogenesis
↓ glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
↓ BLOOD GLUCOSE
Diabetes Mellitus
Distinguished by hyperglycemia
- excessive urine production (polyuria)
- excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- excessive eating (polyphagia)
Type I: dificiency of insulin (typically juvenile onset)
Type II: insulin insensitivity (typically adult onset)
Diabetes Complications
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Diabetic Neuropathy
- Stroke
- Cardiovascular Disease
Alpha cells secrete…
Pancreatic Islet
Glucagon
Bete cells secrete…
Pancreatic Islet
Insulin & Amylin
D cells secrete . . .
Pancreatic Islet
Somatostatin
PAUSED @ SLIDE 11 METABOLISM REGULATION
