Lecture 4: Transformative design for coastal protection Flashcards
Explain what a coastal zone is
It depends on the definition but the most formal definition would be:
“interface where the land meets the ocean, encompassing shoreline environments as well as adjacent coastal waters”
What are challenges at coastal zones?
- Human induced hazards: pollution and urban development
- Natural hazards: storm surges, flooding and erosion
What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
It’s the process for managing the coast by using an integrated approach. regards all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries. All in an attempt to attain sustainability.
With ICZM, what is the integration part really about?
- Spatial integration between land and sea
- Horizontal integration of policies and management at multi-levels of governance
- Vertical integration of policies and management between levels of government
- Integration of natural environment and human activity
- Integration of now and then, sustainable development over time
What are the European principles of ICZM?
Strategic
o Working with natural processes
o Broad overall
o Long term
- Local: local specificity
o Adaptive management during gradual process
o Involving parties concerned - Procedural
o Support involvement of relevant administrative bodies
o Use of a combination of instruments
How was ICZM in the Netherlands? show in Which stages it developed in NL from before the 90s until the early 2010s.
Before 1990s: Technocratic paradise type beat. Hard engineering
From 1990: ‘soft’ engineering and dynamic preservation.
In 2011: more proactive strategies: Sand Motor (building with nature and nature-based solutions)
Name the different responses to sea level rise
- No response
- Protection
- Accommodate
- Advance
- Retreat (Jakarta / new capital solution Kalimantan)
- Ecosystem based adaptation
- Adapt: for example building on poles and adapting land use. Aqua farming instead of farming on land.
Explain what the essence of Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) entails. You can have the figure itself near it (with the cool blue yellow green lines n shit)
They are pathways of policy interventions that protect against sea level rise.
A and D are highly robust. Highly expensive and also social impacts
B = short term: easily implemented, buy time but not long shelf life
B reaches tipping point, A or D need to enlarge the measure. These actions are what we call the Pathways
Future = uncertain –> pathways remain unchanged leading to robustness. Which pathway = most preferred depends on all types of criteria and stakeholders.
Stakeholder engagement = integrated into DAPP.
Give some criticisms about Dynamic adaptive Policy Pathways
It’s only focusing on sea level rise. Very sectoral/onedimensional.
Since it’s very abstract and high over it does not really work on local cases. Does not include the local context.
It’s hard to determine a tipping point or where this tipping point lies.
What is resilience by design? and how did it emerge
Water infrastructure ssystem cannot deal with devastating impliations of climate change and uncertainty. The design of it is not prepared for the future.
Building resilience through a design-led planning approach. It’s a quest to discover what can make the region more resilient and the world a better place.
What is resilient infrastructure? Infrastructure that can…
Maintain its function and services and being adaptive/transformative to accommodate change, while managing failure in such a way that damage and costs during extreme events are limited.
Explain the scheme of resilience by design. Hold it with this question.
- System – internal change or external forcings have infuuence on it.
- Persistence to the system. It always past a certain threshold.
- Passes the system? Adaptation to the system
- Again threshold you need to transform it and re-design it.
Name what picture matches what part of the scheme of resilience by design:
Dunes: persistence: it only holds the water and protects
Adaptation: dike that was already broken, strengthened it and combined it with a parking garage as well.
Transformation: When it has such high implications things need to transform as a whole. For example sea level rise might lead to flooding of large parts of the Netherlands that are already occupied now.
What are soft spaces?
Areas where deliberate attempts are moade to tintroduce and develop new and innovative ways of thinking
When you combine Rebuild by design implementation pitfalls. To which part of the macro-meso-local model do they belong?
- Big engineering companies seem to have taken over….
- Existing systems and regulations pose many challenges
- Where the projects too inovative to handle?
- Broadened discussion from disaster recovery to resilience by design
- Big engineering companies seem to have taken over (regimes)
- Existing systems and regulations pose many challenges (connection regimes and niches)
- Where the projects too nnovative to handle? (niches)
- Broadened discussion from disaster recovery to resilience by design. (macro level/ landscape)
