Lecture 4: The Synchrotron And Sychrotron Radiation Flashcards
What is the equation for relativistic mass?
m = relativistic mass
γ = Lorentz factor
m_0 = rest mass
What is the equation for cyclotron frequency with relativistic particles?
f = frequency
T = time period
B = magnetic field
q = charge
γ = Lorentz factor
m_0 = rest mass
What is the equation for the Lorentz factor?
v = particle velocity
c = speed of light
What happens to the velocity when a particle becomes relativistic?
It saturates, meaning that the mass increases so particles in an accelerator would fail to accelerate any more.
What happens to the frequency of a particle as the particle velocity approaches c? What has to be done to the cyclotron frequency as a result of this?
The frequency reduces.
The cyclotron frequency must also be reduced to maintain its conditions.
What is the relationship between frequency, magnetic field, and energy of a synchrotron for a particle at a constant radius?
Describe the shape of modern synchrotrons
They have straight sides and include bending magnets at the corners.
How often does a particle get accelerated in a synchrotron?
Every time it goes around.
Give two examples of synchrotrons
- CERN
- Diamond light source
Define synchrotron radiation
Radiation produced from an accelerated charge.
Describe the basic concept of how EM radiation is generated by an accelerated particle
- A static charge generates an electric field.
- A charge is moving at a constant velocity generates a static magnetic field and an electric field.
- An accelerated charge causes the electric and magnetic fields to couple which leads to radiation of power.
Describe the shape of the electric field for a point charge that has been accelerated to a velocity, v, in a short time, ∆t.
There are two spheres with different values for electric field because information cannot travel faster than the speed of light so the change in field has only reached so far.
