Lecture 4 - Soteriology Flashcards
Soteriology
The study of salvation (from sin, Satan, and the world)
Hamartiology
The study of sin
Original Sin
There is an originating sin (thought or action) by which Adam and Eve brought depravity into the world (some argue there is an original sin in every person’s life, and guilt is not inherited)
Corruption
We have an impulse toward sin (subjective)
Guilt
Assigned on account of what our covenant head (Adam) did, leading to wrong standing before the Lord
Total Depravity
The totality of who you are (body, mind, identity, etc.) is impacted by sin, so we are dead. NOT that we are as bad as could be
Ordo Salutis
Order of salvation
Historia Salutis
History of salvation
Euangelion
Good news, both the events and the application of them. The gospel is both the ordo and historia salutis.
Foreknowledge/Predestination
The plan or purpose of God executed in eternity past to save condemned sinners and bring them back to fellowship with himself
Election
In eternity past, God determined who would be saved
Conditional Election
God in the past looks forward to see who will choose the Lord and elects them - election is based on a condition in the elect
Unconditional Election
God does not base his choosing on anything in the creature, but for his glory, according to his will, and the rest is mystery
Prevenient Grace
When God looks forward to see who will come to him, he recognizes they are dead, and gives a universal grace to open eyes to their deadness and that they only have hope in grace.
Calling
The call of the Lord - efficacious; it always works.
Universal Call
All are called to come to the Lord
Internal/Effectual Call
The irresistible call to the elect that always works. In the invitation is the power to come in
Regeneration
A radical and complete transformation wrought in the soul by God the Holy Spirit by virtue of which we become new men and women
Monergistic
One party involved
Synergistic
Multiple parties involved
Conversion
Coming to faith and repentance
Justification
A judicial act of God in which he declares on the basis of the righteousness of Christ that all the claims of the law are satisfied with respect to the sinner
Infused Righteousness
Jesus’ righteousness infused bit by bit to you throughout your life. Salvation can be discussed by degree
Purgatory
Intermediate between earth and heave where most Christians receive cleansing after death (because not enough righteousness was infused to them during life)
Indulgences
Certain individuals in the church procured surplus righteousness, so objects connected to them could be sold to earn more righteousness to avoid (some portion of time in) Purgatory
Tetzel
Seller of indulgences, proponent of purgatory, feasting on the fears of the people. Specifically targeted the poor
Martin Luther
Catholic monk, academic, lecturer. Studied Romans and came to disagree with infused righteousness. Saw righteousness as a gift. Translated the Bible into German to bring it to the people.
Imputed Righteousness
Jesus’ righteousness is attributed to us though it didn’t belong to us, a once and for all giving over, where God declares us righteous as a free gift.
Active Obedience
Obedience of Jesus by what he actively did in his life
Passive Obedience
Obedience of Jesus by what he allowed to happen to him in his death
The Great Exchange
Christ’s obedience becomes our obedience and he takes and defeats our sin and guilt
The Five Solas
Salvation by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone read in Scripture alone for God’s glory alone
Adoption
God brings those he saves into the closeness of sonship with him and into his presence. He gives us his name. We have Jesus’ relationship to the Father by union with Christ
Sanctification
To set apart, to make holy
Definitive Sanctification
Once and for all set apart (election, justification, union… these are past and done)
Progressive Sanctification
Becoming more sanctified or righteous
Simul Justus et Peccator
Simultaneously just yet a sinner - the already/not yet of living the Christian life
Three Tense Sanctification - Three motivations for sanctification
Past - remember the Gospel. Present - spiritual disciplines. Future - promises of God
Legalism
Much of the law, little of grace; sanctification swallows justification
Antinomianism
Against the law - no more imperatives because Christ fulfilled the law for us. Justification swallows sanctification
Preservation
The work the Creator does to keep the believer in the faith
Perseverance
The work of the creature to keep in the faith
Apostasy
A truly regenerate believer falling away
Seven Reasons Apostasy is Impossible
Doctrine of election; Trinity and inseparable operations; the golden chain of redemption (Rom. 8); Christ’s intercession for believers is efficacious; the Spirit is your guarantee; The perfect work of Jesus; union with Christ
Means of Grace
The beautiful things God gives us to keep us in the faith (such as sitting under preaching). Warning passages are a means of grace
Glorification
All of the good so far is just the beginning - heaven will be infinitely better; We have to confess a physical and literal resurrection; No time between death and being with the Lord; All things will be made new (not recreated) at the end; We long most of all for the Giver himself in all that we long for in heaven
Union with Christ
God makes us one with Christ so that what is his becomes ours. God is not tricked, but in a sense he looks at us and sees Christ - his beauty and his righteousness
Atonement
What happens when Christ is crucified
Christus Victor/Ransom Theory
The view of the early church - because of sin, humans fell under Satan’s dominion, so God ransoms them by Christ. God “tricks” Satan by conquering death and him through the resurrection
Moral Influence Theory
Nothing happened objectively in the Crucifixion; nothing was demanded by God for reconciliation, but the barrier was on the creature side - ignorance/pride. But God’s love on the cross breaks through to our hard hearts to get our act together by moral example
Satisfaction Theory
Primary issue is the offense - God’s honor is offended by sin. Therefore, God uses an infinite redeemer to satisfy an infinite offense
Governmental Theory
Primarily concerned with justice - the law was violated and justice must be upheld, so the crucifixion satisfies justice and deters sinners who come to him from further sin & injustice
Penal Substitution Theory
Jesus acted as a substitute for the penalty of sinners - he took the punishment. Most accurately describes the gospel (though something can be redeemed from each of the other theories)
Propitiation
A removal of God’s wrath
Expiation
A removal of sin
