Lecture 4 -redox

Question 1

What are the different types of chemical reactions?

Answer 1

• Precipitation
• Acid-base
• Oxidation-reduction (REDOX)

These types of reactions are fundamental in chemistry and have distinct characteristics.

Question 2

What is a precipitate?

Answer 2

An insoluble substance that forms when two solutions are mixed

The solid separates from the solution during a chemical reaction.

Question 3

What is the role of a solute in a solution?

Answer 3

The substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Examples include salt in saltwater.

Question 4

What is the role of a solvent in a solution?

Answer 4

The substance that dissolves the solute

Water is often referred to as the universal solvent.

Question 5

Define strong electrolytes.

Answer 5

Electrolytes that are completely ionized when dissolved in water

Examples include sodium chloride.

Question 6

Define weak electrolytes.

Answer 6

Electrolytes that show a small degree of ionization when dissolved in water

Examples include acetic acid.

Question 7

What is oxidation in terms of oxidation state?

Answer 7

An increase in the oxidation number

Oxidation involves the loss of electrons.

Question 8

What is reduction in terms of oxidation state?

Answer 8

A decrease in the oxidation number

Reduction involves the gain of electrons.

Question 9

What does OILRIG stand for?

Answer 9

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain

This acronym helps remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction.

Question 10

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 10

A chemical species that allows reduction to occur and itself gets oxidized

It donates electrons in a reaction.

Question 11

What is an oxidizing agent?

Answer 11

A chemical species that allows oxidation to occur and itself gets reduced

It accepts electrons in a reaction.

Question 12

What is the first step in balancing a REDOX reaction?

Answer 12

Write the two half-reactions for oxidation and reduction

This helps to clearly identify the changes in oxidation states.

Question 13

What is the importance of oxidation states in REDOX reactions?

Answer 13

They help keep track of electrons transferred during the reaction

Oxidation states are assigned to atoms in covalent compounds.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Water has the ability to ____________ many different substances.

Answer 14

DISSOLVE

Question 15

Fill in the blank: In a REDOX reaction, the species that is oxidized is known as the __________ Agent.

Answer 15

Reducing

Question 16

Fill in the blank: In a REDOX reaction, the species that is reduced is known as the __________ Agent.

Answer 16

Oxidizing

Question 17

What is the half-reaction method used for?

Answer 17

To balance REDOX equations by separating oxidation and reduction processes

This method simplifies the balancing of complex reactions.

Question 18

True or False: The balanced equation for a REDOX reaction must have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the significance of the half-reaction method in basic solutions?

Answer 19

It allows for balancing using hydroxide ions and water

This ensures that both mass and charge are balanced in the equation.