Lecture 4 Order and probability. Information and entropy Flashcards
All natural processes lead to a net increase in…
Entropy
There exists a natural tendency for an ordered set of things to get disordered through…
Interplay of natural forces
What is entropy?
Entropy is a measure of the degree of randomness or disorder of a system.
When does the entropy of a system increase?
The entropy of a system increases when it becomes more disordered
Under what condition can a process only occur spontaneously in?
A process can occur spontaneously only if the sum of the entropies of the system and its surroundings increases.
The probability of any kind of distribution will be larger if ?
It can be realized in a larger number of ways.
The number of ways, which lead to the realization of a definite situation is a measure of …
The probability of the occurrence of it
What is the Boltzmann equation of entropy
S=k.lnW
Boltzmann’s constant k was defined as a universal constant later by…
Max Planck
Boltzmann’s constant k must have the same unit of measure as…
Entropy
What is the Shannon equation of information theory?
I=K ln P
In the Shannon equation of information theory, the unit I is determined by…
The unit of the factor K.
Which unit is most commonly used for I in the Shannon equation of information theory and what does it express?
The bit (“binary digit”) is most commonly used. It expresses the number of binary yes-no decisions, which are needed to determine a given message
The idea of a link between information and entropy was first suggested
Boltzmann
Erwin Schrodinger (1944) made the frequently quoted statement…
The living system feeds on negative entropy
