Lecture 4 MoD Flashcards
What is acute inflammation?
Basic pathological process
Non-specific initial reaction to tissue damage
What are the causes of acute inflammation?
Tissue death and infection
What is suppuration?
The process of pus formation
What is the sequence of events that lead to chronic inflammation?
Tissue injury - Acute inflammation - Damaging agent persists - chronic inflammation
What are the purposes of acute inflammation?
Clear away dead tissues
Locally protect from infection
Allow access of immune system components
What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
Calor = heat Rubor = redness Dolor = pain Tumor = swelling functio laesa = disturbance of function
How acute inflammation will look different in different organs?
Serous = pouring out of serous fluid
Fibrinous inflammation – Inflammation resulting in a large increase in vascular permeability allows fibrin to pass through the blood vessels.
Purulent -Inflammation resulting in large amount of pus, which consists of neutrophils, dead cells, and fluid.
Ulcerative inflammation: Inflammation occurring near an epithelium can result in the necrotic loss of tissue from the surface, exposing lower layers.
Granulomatous inflammation: Characterised by the formation of granulomas, they are the result of a limited but diverse number of diseases, which include among others tuberculosis, leprosy, sarcoidosis, and syphilis.
What are the components of acute inflammatory response?
Vascular, Exudative and cellular
What happened during vascular reaction?
Microvascular dilatation
Initially flow increase then decrease (very transient initial decrease)
Increased permeability
What are the mediated factors that lead to increase in permeability?
Histamine Bradykinin NO Leukotriene B4 Complement components
What are the non-mediated factors that lead to increase in permeability?
Direct damage to endothelium
eg toxins, physical agents
What are contents of acute inflammatory exudate?
Protein rich (Immunoglobulins and fibrinogen)
What happened during cellular reaction?
Migration of the acute inflammatory response
Accumulation of neutrophils in extracellular space
In severe cases, accumulation of neutrophils, cellular debris and bacteria forms pus
Where is the site of production of neutrophil?
Bone marrow
What are the characteristics of neutrophils?
Commonest white cell in blood Motile, amoeboid, can move into tissues Short lifespan (hours in the tissue)
