Lecture 4: Introduction to Pharmacology and Scope Flashcards
The MOA of a drug and how the Drug affects the body is known as?
PharmacoDynamics
A drug which resides in an inactive form (as manufactured) and when administered is transformed (metabolized) into an active compound (capable of inducing pharmacological effect) is known as what?
Pro-drug
What 3 criteria are used for Pharmaceutical equivalence?
1) Same active ingredients
2) Same dosage form/route of administration
3) Same strength/concentration of active ingredient
*And meet the same standards for quality/purity
A field of study of the appropriate use of medications to effectively treat or prevent disease and manage symptoms, using evidence-based medicine, is known as?
Pharmacotherapeutics
What is the definition of Pharmaceutical alternatives?
i.e., what is the same and what is different
Same active drug but different salts/complexes, or different dosage forms or strengths
What is Bioequivalence and the % range?
- Similar rate and extent of absorption
- 80-125% of reference product
What is the criteria for a drug to be considered therapeutically equivalent?
i.e., what 2 types of equivalence and also must have the same what?
- Must be pharmaceutically-equivalent and bio-equivalent AND expected to have the same:
1) Therapeutic (clinical) effect
2) Safety profile
What are the 3 pregnancy risk categories for drugs used by the FDA?
1) Pregnancy (includes labor and delivery)
2) Lactation (includes nursing mothers)
3) Females and Males of Reproductive potential
What are the 2 categories of legend drugs (prescription required)?
1) Non-scheduled/Non-controlled: NO abuse potential
2) Scheduled/controlled (C-I thru C-V): based on abuse potential
How does the number designation C-I thru C-V related to the abuse potential of scheduled drugs?
Lower risk of abuse the higher the number (i.e., C-IV or C-V)
The numeric designation of scheduled drugs has an impact on what 3 things?
- Dispense quantitiy
- Refills allowed
- Prescriptions’ life-span
What is q.h.s?
Every night at bedtime
What is a.c. vs. p.c.?
- a.c. = before meals
- p.c. = after meals
Differentiate o.d., o.s., and o.u. for administration of drugs for the eye.
- o.d. = right eye
- o.s. = left eye
- o.u. = both eyes
Differentiate a.d., a.s., and a.u. for administration of drugs for the ears.
- a.d. = right ear
- a.s. = left ear
- a.u. = both ears
What is gtt?
Drops
What is ut. dict. (u.d.)?
As directed
What is t.r.a.?
To run at
What is k.v.a.?
Infusion rate?
Keep vein open (a “slow” infusion rate)
What does D5W/D10W/D50W refer to?
- “x”% dextrose in water
- D5W = 5% dextrose in water = 5 grams in 100 mL
If you give 25cc of D50W how many grams of dextrose were given?
12.5 g
*25cc = 25 mL and there are 50g of dextrose per 100 mL
