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Future Crops Exam Sem 2 > Lecture 4: Hydrology > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Hydrology Flashcards

1
Q

What processes form soil structure

A

biological, physical, bio-physical

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2
Q

Size of pores in healthy soil

A

more than solids

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3
Q

bulk density

A

low: pores>solids
high: solids>pores (compacted)

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4
Q

bulk density calculation

A

mass of soil/volume of soil

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5
Q

soil texture interacts with bulk density

A

higher bulk density is more energetically-costly for plants

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6
Q

catchment (watershed)

A

landscape that behaves as a discrete hydrological unit

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7
Q

water cycle (rainfall intercepted by vegetation)

A

precipitation excess drips onto ground
infiltration
overland flow (water on top of land)
interflow (moving water inside soil)
baseflow (water moving in groundwater)

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8
Q

water cycle (water in plants)

A

photosynthesis
transpiration
evaporation of soil water

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9
Q

albedo potential

A

evaporation of soil water when sunny
higher in grass and croplands than forests

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10
Q

types of pores

A

water storage pores (innaccessible to plants)
transmission pores (network between aggregates)

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11
Q

transmission pores

A

plants get nutrients and water from mass flow

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12
Q

mass flow

A

movement of nutrient dissolved in solution as water absorbed for transpiration

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13
Q

saturated soil shave different types of water

A

hygroscopic: adheres to soil particles
capillary: micropores hold water so plants can access
gravitationsal: drains out of root zone

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14
Q

wilting point

A

water left that adheres to soil particles

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15
Q

water holding capacity

A

interaction between soil texture and pore space
water available to plants

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16
Q

what influences water available to plants

A

biological factors
soil material and structure
SOM and SOC
rocks

17
Q

potential energy

A

energy held by object based on position

18
Q

gravitational potential

A

water higher than reference point releases energy

19
Q

metric potential

A

water lower than reference point negative capillary action requires energy

20
Q

4 component potentials of soils and water

A

metric (soil particle interact with water)
osmotic (solutes dissolved in soil water)
gravitational (elevation above sea level)
pressure (external pressure on soil water)

21
Q

total water potential equation

A

metric+osmotic+gravitational+pressure

22
Q

metric potential

A

water stuck to particles forms air-water meniscus due to surface tension and VDWs

23
Q

capillary water

A

stuck to other water particles

24
Q

hydroscopic water

A

water stuck to other things

25
Q

what impact capillary action

A

pore size
thinner pore stronger attraction of water to particles so need more force to transport

Future Crops Exam Sem 2 (7 decks)

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