Lecture 4 - Common cancers and staging Flashcards
What are the top 3 cancers?
Breast, lung and prostate
How do you immoblise for breast cancer?
- breast board
- vac fix
- prone
What are the options for treating breast cancer?
Surgery - primary
Chemo - adjuvant without RT
RT - EBRT with tangential fields, more advanced - IMRT, VMAT
What are some common cancer stats?
Est. no. new - 16,084
Est. no. all new - 12.3%
Est. no deaths - 3,073
Est. no. all deaths - 6.5%
What are some of the main genes to increase chance of BC?
BRAC1 - hereditary breast and ovarian, breast 39-87%, ovarian 20-40%
BRAC2 hereditary breast and ovarian, breast 26-91%, ovarian 10-20%
p53 li-fraumen syndrome, breast >90%
What is the family risk?
Breast - life time 25-50% –> 2 first or second relatives with breast or ovarian cancer plus 1 more
Ovarian - life time 3-30%
What are the 4 stages of breast cancer?
Stage 1 - Early disease, tumor confirmed, node negative
Stage 2 - Early disease, tumor spread to movable ipsilateral axillary node
Stage 3 - Locally advanced disease, tumor spread to superficial structures of chest wall, involvement of ipsilateral internal mamillary LNs
Stage 4 - Advances metastatic disease, bone, liver, lung, brain, supraclavicular LNS
What is the TNM AJCC 7th Edition?
Most commonly used staging system by medical professionals globally
T - tumor
N- Lymph nodes
M- Metastases
Do all cancers use the same TNM system?
Yes - same basis and overall use a I - IV, which is sometime sub divided
No - each type of cancer has own classification in which TNM mean different things
What is the T suffixes for BC?
TX - primary tumor non assessable T0 - no evidence Tis - carcinoma in situ DCIS - ductal carcinoma in situ LCIS - lobal carcinoma in situ T1mi - =<1mm T1a - >1 <5 mm T1b - >5 <10mm T1c - >10 <20mm T2 - >20 <50mm T3 - >50 T4 - tumor of any size with direct extension to chest wall
