Lecture 4

Question 1

4 Principles for Designing MM

Answer 1

1) Recognise MM designs can be fixed and emergent
2) Identify approach to design
3) Match design to research problem
4) Explicit about why MM

Question 2

Fixed

Answer 2

Predetermined and planned

Question 3

Emergent

Answer 3

Design changes during process

Question 4

3 Design Approaches

Answer 4

1) Typology based
2) Dynamic approach
3) Synergistic approach

Question 5

Typology based

Answer 5

emphasises classification of useful MM designs and selection based on predefine design

Question 6

Dynamic Approach

Answer 6

Emphasises selection based on RQ

Question 7

Synergistic Approach

Answer 7

Combines both and equal value of strands

Question 8

4 Key Decisions in choosing MM

Answer 8

1) Level of interaction between strands
2) Priority of strands
3) Timing of strands
4) Where and how to mix strands

Question 9

3 Variations of when to Merge Data

Answer 9

1) merge
2) Connect
3) Embed

Question 10

6 Major MM Designs

Answer 10

1) Convergent parallel designs
2) Explanatory sequential design
3) Exploratory sequential design
4) Embedded design
5) Transformative design
6) multiphase design

Question 11

3 Characteristics of Convergent Design

Answer 11

1) Qual & Quant data collected concurrently
2) Data analysed separately
3) Two databases merged during interpretation

Question 12

2 Purposes of Convergent Design

Answer 12

1) Obtain complex understanding from 2 databases

2) Corroborate results from different methods

Question 13

3 Reasons to use Convergent Design

Answer 13

1) Need to collect both data in one visit to field
2) Both types of data have equal value
3) Both qual and quant research skills

Question 14

2 Strengths of Convergent Design

Answer 14

1) Efficient

2) Lends itself to a team

Question 15

3 Challenges of Convergent Design

Answer 15

1) Effort and expertise
2) Sample and sample size issues
3) Difficult to converge two sets of data

Question 16

2 Characteristics of Explanatory Design

Answer 16

1) Quant collection and analysis then qual collection and analysis
2) Quant results shape qual RQ

Question 17

2 Purposes of Explanatory Design

Answer 17

1) Qual data to explain quant results

2) Quant data to select best participants for Qual

Question 18

Philosophical assumptions for convergent

Answer 18

Pragmatism

Question 19

4 Reasons for Explanatory Design

Answer 19

1) Quant oriented
2) Know important variables and instruments available
3) Participants available for second collection
4) New questions emerge from quant

Question 20

Philosophical assumption for explanatory design

Answer 20

Post-positivism then constructivism but ultimately pragmatism

Question 21

4 Strengths to Explanatory Design

Answer 21

1) Appealing to Quant researchers
2) Straightforward to implement two separate phases
3) Final report can be written in 2 stages
4) Lends itself to emergent approaches

Question 22

4 Challenges to Explanatory Design

Answer 22

1) Time consuming
2) Approval hard when 2nd phase cannot be specified
3) What to follow-up on
4) How to select participants

Question 23

2 Characteristics of Exploratory Design

Answer 23

1) Qual then Quant

2) Qualitative shapes Quantitative

Question 24

2 Purposes of Exploratory Design

Answer 24

1) Explore first because theories not known

2) Develop instrument or typology not yet known

Question 25

3 Reasons to use Exploratory Design

Answer 25

1) Goal oriented
2) Time required to do both
3) Important instruments and variables not available

Question 26

2 Strengths of Exploratory Design

Answer 26

1) Straightforward to design and implement

2) Quant component can make qual component more acceptable

Question 27

3 Weaknesses of Exploratory Design

Answer 27

1) Time consuming
2) Approval hard
3) Deciding what qual findings to use for quant

Question 28

Embedded Design

Answer 28

Collects both data within one design

Question 29

When to use Embedded design

Answer 29

When expertise in both

Question 30

Philosophical assumption of Embedded

Answer 30

Worldview of researcher

Question 31

3 Strengths of Embedded Design

Answer 31

1) Less time and fewer resources
2) Fits team approach
3) May be able to publish separate results

Question 32

2 Challenges of Embedded Design

Answer 32

1) Expertise in primary and mixed methods

2) Results difficult to integrate

Question 33

2 Characteristics of Transformative Design

Answer 33

1) Researched uses theoretically based framework to advance needs of underrepresented or marginalised populations
2) Collects data concurrently and sequentially

Question 34

Purpose of Transformative

Answer 34

Conduct research that is change oriented

Question 35

3 Characteristics of Transformative Design

Answer 35

1) Seek to address issues of social justice and call for change
2) Can conduct without further marginalising
3) Focus on needs of marginalising

Question 36

4 Strengths of Transformative Design

Answer 36

1) Study positioned within transformative framework
2) Help to empower individuals and bring about change
3) Participants play participatory role
4) Produce results useful to community members