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Principles - immunology > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are 2 examples of lymphocytes?

A
  • B cells

- T cells

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2
Q

what are antibodies also known as?

A

= immunoglobulins

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3
Q

what do antibodies respond to?

A

= antigens

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4
Q

what sort of response do B cells produce?

A

HUMORAL immune repose

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5
Q

where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow (primary lymphoid tissue)

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6
Q

what do B cells produce?

A
  • antibodies
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7
Q

what sort of response do T cells produce?

A

CELLULAR immune response

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8
Q

where do T cells mature?

A

thymus

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9
Q

where do T cells develop?

A

= haematopeotic stem cells

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of T cells?

A

1) CD4+ T cells

2) CD8+ T cells

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11
Q

what is CD4+ T cells function?

A

= helper T cell

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12
Q

what is CD8+ T cells function?

A

= cytotoxic T cell

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13
Q

what is the primary lymphoid tissues role, give examples?

A

= for maturation of leukocytes

  • bone marrow
  • thymus
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14
Q

what is the secondary lymphoid tissues role, give examples?

A

= activation of the adaptive immune response

  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
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15
Q

what is an antigen?

A

= any substances that causes an adaptive immune response by activating B and T cells

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16
Q

what are antibodies?

A

= proteins that bind to one specific antigen

17
Q

describe the appearance of antibodies?

A

Y shaped
= 2 heavy chains
= 2 lighter chains

= made up of 4 polypeptide chains joined by disulphide bonds

18
Q

what are the regions called where antigens bind?

A

= variable regions

19
Q

what are 2 types of ways B cells can clonally proliferate or differentiate?

A

1) plasma cells

2) memory B cells

20
Q

what is the germinal centre?

A

= when the highly proliferative cells form a secondary follicle within the B cell zone

21
Q

what is the main distinguishing feature of IgM?

A

= 1st cell produced during an immune response

22
Q

what are the 2 functions of IgM?

A

1) agglutination

2) complement system activation

23
Q

what is agglutination?

A

= increased efficacy of pathogen elimination by enhancing phagocytosis

24
Q

what is the most abundant antibody?

A

= IgG

25
Q

what are the most important roles of IgG?

A
  • agglutination
  • opsonisation
  • neutralisation
  • NK cell activation
26
Q

how is neutralisation and NK cell activation mediated by?

A

= Fc region on IgG

27
Q

what is another unique role of IgG?

A
  • it is transported across the placenta, directly into foetal blood circulation
28
Q

what is the 2nd most abundant antibody?

A

= IgA

29
Q

what is the function of IgA?

A

Monomeric form in blood serum
= neutralisation

Dimeric form in secreter fluids
= breast milk
= tears
= saliva

30
Q

what is the function of IgD?

A

= extremely low levels in blood

- function is B cell activation

31
Q

what is IgE’s function?

A

= allergic reaction

Principles - immunology (5 decks)

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