Lecture 4 Flashcards
Health
state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Healthy People 2020
came from the US department of health and US services
How do I define health?
exercise, food pyramid, myplate.gov, drink water, meditation, eat healthy, healthy relationships
Social Determinants of Health
conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes
CDC and Health People 2020 are trying to bridge the gap to promote a healthier lifestyle
Health Behaviors
a persons ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness
may be based on facts or misinformation, commons sense, or myths
can positively or negatively affect a client’s level or health
Internal Variables
developmental stage intellectual background perception of functioning emotional factors spiritual factors
External Variables
Family
psychosocial and socioeconomic factors
Culture
Health Belief Model
how you believe something will affects your behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Self actualization, self-esteem, love and belonging needs, physical safety/psychological safety, physiological(oxygen, fluids, nutrition, shelter, sex)
***Holistic Health Model
Physical, Social, Spiritual, and psychological
where they all meet is optimum health
Nurses look at all concepts, must look at all the concepts to make sure an individual is doing okay.
Stages of Change
Individuals contemplate changing behaviors and as they do they go through stages of change
Health Promotion
Health education, health screening, disease prevention
healthcare is more focused on health promotion
**Primary=Prevention
population health
help the whole population prevent disease
Immunizations, healthy diet, exercise
**Secondary= Screening
acute care
focuses on those who have a disease or who are at risk to develop a disease
**Tertiary= Treatment
Chronic disease or disability
occurs when a disease or disability is irreversible
focuses on rehabilitation
Nurses role in health promotion
teach clients, educate them, advocate in the community
Risk factors
Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
age- elderly and falls genetic and physiological factors: environment lifestyle exercise habits smoking sitting long periods of time eating habits sun exposure without suncreen
childhood obesity
serious health problem
not moving and not watching what we eat
HDL
good cholesterol, unrestricted blood flow, to liver for removal from the body
LDL
bad cholesterol, restricted blood flow, fatty plaque build up
Causes high triglycerides
genetics, poor diet, your lipid profile, poor glucose control, not enough exercise
**Illness
is the way that individuals and families react to disease, wheres disease is a malfunctioning of biological and psychological processes
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
not the same as disease; nurse needs to be concerned about the effects of the illness on functioning and well-being in all ways
illness behaviors
how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symbols, take remedial actions, and use the health care systems
impact of illness
behavior and emotional changes, body image, self concept, family roles, family dynamics
nurses role in health and illness
take care of yourself, educate, encourage, support and advocate, provide care and support during illnesses and promote health every chance you get
Stress
organisms response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or stimulus
body’s method of reacting to a challenge(good or bad, real or even imagined)
mental or physical
Good stress
Eustress
small doses, can help meet daily challenges, motivates you to reach your goals
bad stress
Distress
too much can be detrimental, stress around for weeks or months can damage the body, less able to accomplish task
causes anxiety
two main chemicals are secreted into the bloodstream during stressful events
adrenaline and cortisol
**Adrenaline
dilated pupils, increased heart rate, peripheral vessels constrict, increased blood pressure, sweat, decreased bowel movements
prolonged secretion can affect negatively
stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, heart attack, thickening of arteries, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia
Cortisol
weight gain, excessive hunger, thinning, acne, fatigue, depression
obesity, diabetes, intensified chronic pain, more pain
increase in glucose levels
Chronic stress
Occurs in stable conditions and results from stressful roles
Acute
time limited events that threaten a person for a relatively brief period provoke acute stress
Posttraumatic stress disorder
begins when a person experiences, witnesses or is confronted with a traumatic event ; may include flashbacks
what factors determine how one copes
situational factors, maturational factors, sociocultural
situational factors
arise from job changes, illness, caregiver stress
maturational factors
vary with life stages
sociocultural factors
environmental, social, and cultural stressors perceived by children, adolescents, and adults
assessment for stress
establish a trusting relationship open ended questions assess note subjective findings note objective findings
implement
health promotion
teaching strategies
maintain a calm manner
decrease stimuli in environment
encourage the client to talk about thoughts and feelings
plan to follow up
ineffective coping
three parts
inability to form a valid appraisal of internal and external
AND/OR
inadequate choice of practiced responses
AND/OR
Inability to access or use available resources
Crisis
stress overwhelms a persons usual coping mechanisms and demands mobilization of all available resources
crisis intervention
protect the client- can be suicidal and homicidal
reduce anxiety
the goal is to create stability for the person
Evaluate
evaluate success through patients perspective
takes time
adjust interventions if not successful
