Lecture 4 Flashcards
Data format in a computer - Integer
Data format in a computer - Floating point numberq
Bits
Smallest units in binary - either 1 or 0
Nibbles
Collection of four bits eg. 1100 or 1001
Byte
Consists of 8 bits
Word
two bytes or 16 bits
Microprocessor
Central Process Units (CPU). Microprocessor is also used for an electronic chip which has an integrated CPU
Microcomputer and microcontroller
A microcontroller is a single chip, on which all fundamental components of a computer are integrated. It’s also known as single chip computer.
Embedded system/controller
An embedded controller is a microprocessor or microcontroller with its auxiliary components and circuit designed to be used dedicatedly to a particular device
Program counter (PC)
A PC is a register which contains the address of the next instruction in the memory to be executed.
Memory address register (MAR)
It contains the address of the current instruction being executed
Memory buffer register (MBR) or memory data register (MDR):
Stores the data or instruction fetched from MAR in a reading cycle, and the data to be transferred to MAR in a writing cycle.
Instruction register (IR):
Instruction register (IR): it stores the fetched instruction
Data registers or accumulator:
A data register D0 or a accumulator holds temporary or intermediate results during a calculation.
