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CAS 325B Chapter 1 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychometric Questions

A

Can you point at someone and say they are more intelligent than you are?

Can you measure it?

If you think intelligence is real, how do you measure it?

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2
Q

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

A

Applied developmental approach, complex cognitive process

  • Alfred and his student (Simon) generated Binet-Simon scale (1905)
  • led to the “Stanford Binet” todays test
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3
Q

Binet’s Task

A

Identify school children with learning difficulties (new law requiring 6-14 yr olds go to school)

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4
Q

Binet developed concept of

A 
Mental Age (MA)
How their knowledge or skills are in compared to other students their age.
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5
Q

William Lewis Stern (German Psychologist, philosopher)

A

invented concept of the intelligence quotient, or IQ.

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6
Q

Concept of Intelligence Quotient

A

IQ= MA/CA X 100

IQ of 100, therefore meant MA=CA (No longer used)

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7
Q

IQ Score

A

1985 was the last major revision, now in its 5th edition

Includes, verbal and quantitive reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and short term memory

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8
Q

Wechsler Scaled (est 1939)

A

Their is an adult (WAIS), children’s (WISC), and preschool (WPPSI-R)version available.

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9
Q

What is the most widely used scale in the world

A

Weschler scaled

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10
Q

What was one of the purpose of Weschler scaled tests?

A

Originally used by David Wechsler (soldier) to other soldiers during WWI

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11
Q

Use/Misuse of IQ Tests

A
  • Substantially correlated to academic outcomes.
  • Stable over time (after age 4)
    • highly correlated to infant habituation
  • Moderately correlated to work performance
  • It’s psychological interpretation that cause problems.
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12
Q

IQ Distribution

Bell Curve

A

IQ scores across the population fits normal curve. (100)

Median: is the middle score
Mean: if you add it up its the average
Mode: 100 comes up the most

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13
Q

borderline Intellectual Functioning

A

Below 85 and above 70, people used to qualify as a primary disability or having a disorder. These people received benefits from the government. This no longer applies in terms of these children getting the support they need.

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14
Q

Mainstreaming children

A

Children with disabilities are put into the class with average kids and they do better, although they do not get all the support they need in for their disorder.

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15
Q

Multiple Intelligences

A
  • Factor Approach (Spearman) “2 Factor Theory (G&S)

- Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner)

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16
Q

Howard Gardner (b. 1943)

A

Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1999)

  • Linguistic - Logico-Mathematica
  • Spatial Skills -Bodily-Kinesthetic skills
  • Music Skills -Interpersonal
  • Intrapersonal -Naturalistic Skills
17
Q

Multiple Intelligence
Considered adding a 9th domain

“Existential”

A

oo

18
Q

Misunderstanding of Gardeners Thoery

A
  1. Just because your a naturalist doesn’t mean your going to be a biologist.
  2. Intelligence is not the same thing as a learning style: Everyone has to adapt to the learning environment you can’t just be catered to and taught in your learning style.
19
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory (1985)

A

Analytical: closest to traditional view
Creative: insightful approach
Practical: “Street Smarts”

Developed STAT test as Assesment, rarely used

20
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

Ability to accuratley perceive and express emotions
(Salovey & Mayer)
-Not widely used or assessed yet

21
Q

True of false

Overall, most agree there may be multiple intelligences, but even advocates (sterberg) concede they are not fully independent.

A

True

22
Q

Controversies surrounding IQ

A

-Flynn Effect
-Strong genetic influences (.75)
-Cross Cultural Comparisons (East v. West)
Cultural Bias in Testing (rural v. urban, rich v. poor)

23
Q

Flynn Effect

Cross-Generational Comparisons

A

-increase of around 3pts/a decade. Fluid (problem solving, pattern completion)
IQ gain is 15 pts/generation vs. around 9 pts crystallized IQ.
-American kids appear to be getting smarter (1932=100, 1997=120)

24
Q

Strong genetic influences (.75)

A

Individual level: the genes you get from your mother and father will influence your IQ score.

Group level: (Geography, SES) Genetic differences fall apart.

25
Q

Ethnic Comparisons

A

Africans vs. European yes their is a difference. Why? background struggles with poverty, impoverished school, racism, could be factors

  • Confound of poverty
  • discrimination and racism from teachers
26
Q

Cross-cultural COmparison (East v. West)

A

Asians American v. European American, Asians outperform. Most likely time spent studying.

27
Q

Cultural Bias in Testing (rural v. urban, rich v. poor)

A
  • Cultural fair tests (don’t rely on english fluency or social knowledge)
  • Still correlated with educational achievement
28
Q

Gender Comparison

A

Averages the same, sub-scales may differ.

Boys and girls score the same no difference.
Females typically outperform the males

29
Q

Behavioral Theories

A

Behaviorism: theory that dominated a therapeutic approach to autism
-Pavlov (combination of classical and operant conditioning.)
-B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Central theorist of behaviorism.
We are reactive to our environments.

30
Q

Behaviorism

A

Behaviorism: theory that dominated a therapeutic approach to autism

31
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

reward and punishment to control the behaviors.

32
Q

Observable behaviors

A

are the only things we can study

33
Q

reward and punishment is

A

defined by the person.

Will giving a marshmallow increase behavior or decrease behavior?

34
Q

B.F. Skinner

wanted to carve psychology as a real science

A

True

He wanted to promote psychology as a real science by focusing on the systematic observation of behavior.

35
Q

Behavioral Theory Strengths

A
  • Lots of empirical evidence to support at least basic behaviors.
  • deterministic and very optimistic as well, behavior can be changed by managing the environment. (B.F. Skinner) map out rewards and punishment which predicts behavior. “Controlled Environment”
  • Simple process/mechanism of change (simple to understand)
36
Q

Behavioral Theory Weaknesses

A
  • No mental events
  • Ignores hereditary influences
  • difficult time explaining complex behavior. EX language development
37
Q

Psychomeyrics

A

Measurement of any kind of psychological construct.

EX: personality, emotion

How do we assess them in an authentic way?

CAS 325B Chapter 1 (5 decks)

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