Lecture 4 Flashcards
What was the study performed by Ader and Cohen in 1982 which demonstrated pavlov conditioning of immune responsiveness?
This study used NZB/NZW mice which develops autoimmunity early in life, serving as a model for lupus
Using these mice, cyclophosphamide (immunosuppressant) and an oral saccharin injection there were 4 treatment groups
C100 mice where there were 8 CY injections and 8 saccharin injections
C50 mice 4 CY injections and 4 of saline and saccharine
NC50 mice 4 CY injections and 4 of saline without saccharine
Control mice with no CY injection but only saccharin only injection
What were the results of the Ader and Cohen study in 1982?
Conditioned immunosuppression improved prognosis of the NZB/NZW mice
What was the study performed by Smith and McDaniel in 1983?
This was the first study attempting to translate the results of the Ader and Cohen study to humans where 9 volunteers received the tuberculin test monthly for 7 months with one arm receiving a tuberculin injection and one receiving a saline injection, in the 6th month the arms were switched and it was found that the response to tuberculin had been immunosuppressed
What was the Trier immunoconditioning study?
Sherbet was administered to 12 men and 2 women over 3-4 consecutive days in conjunction with an epinephrine injection (which causes increased NK cell activity) on the 4/5 day the sherbet was then administered with a saline injection and it was found that on the 5th day the saline would also increase NK cell activity (but not alter cell count)
What were the two Utrecht studies in immunoconditioning?
These studys were failed attempts to replicate the Trier study
In the first study a bitter drink was used in conjunction with epinephrine injections which was later switched to a saline injection but no conditioning was observed
In the second study a sherbet sweet drink was used in conjunction epinephrine injection which was later switched to saline but no conditioned response of NK cells was observed
What was the difference most likely to explain the difference between the Trier study and the two Utrecht studies?
In the Trier study the participants were not told that the epinephrine injection was switched to saline while in the Utrecht study they were told
This may be a result of cultural differences between the German and Dutch populations with regard to how much information must be given to people before they agree to participate
What are the differences between the Trier study and Utrecht study less likely to account for the different results?
There could be stress induced secretion of epinephrine from things such as needlephobia but this is unlikely as there were no group differences in cortisol
There were also slightly altered blood taking times in the Trier and Utrecht study however this is unlikely
The type of drink used could have an impact with it tasting too mild for one population in comparison to another
