Lecture 4 Flashcards
Osmosis
Passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane (no energy required)
Interstitial fluid
Extracellular fluid (EFC)
Diffusion occurs
From higher to lower concentrations
Aquaporins
Allow water to pass through lipid bilayer
_______ is contained in the lipid bilayer
Cholesterol
Can go through the lipid bilayer
Lipids, fat soluble vitamins, alcohol, O2, CO2
Can water go through the phospholipid bilayer
Yes, small and sheer abundance
Cannot go through the phospholipid bilayer
Polar/Charged molecules, AA, sugar
Leak channels
Always open
Gate channels
Not always open
Diffusion occurs
Down their concentration gradient
To move up a concentration gradient
ATP is required
Vesicular Transport
Endocytosis (in) and Exocytosis (out)
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis for things w/ big structure
Microvilli
Allow for higher SA of membrane for more nutrient absorbtion
Cytoplasm
All materials inside the cell and outside of the nucleus
What uses mitochondria at rest?
Neurons, heat, and digestive system
Myofibrils
Cause contractions in skeletal muscle cells
ATP
Made on demand (cannot store), made in cytoplasm (anaerobic) or mitochondria (aerobic)
Cytoskeleton
Structure shape & strength (keratin), Scaffolding, Zip-line, Contraction (myosin & actin)
Cilia
Moves fluid across cell surface (mucus in trachea)
Flagella
Moves the cell itself (sperm)
What causes lactic acid?
ATP made in cytoplasm w/o oxygen. So during exercise when oxygen is consumption is maxed out and need cytoplasm to produce ATP as well is how we get sore the next day.
Hypotonic
Lots of water enters cell b/c salt concentration is higher in cell
