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Naturopathic Medical Ethics > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

What does the Code of Ethic define?

A 
Professional Behavior (duty, virtue)
Promises to Patients (duty, fidelity, veracity)
Reasonable Care (beneficence/non-maleficence)
Respect for Patients (autonomy, dignity)
Personal/Professional Responsibilities
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1
Q

When was the Code of Ethics created? by who?

What is the purpose of the document?

A

1847
AMA published the first code of ethics
The document was created for the public to help clarify their expectations

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2
Q

What are a few arguments in favor of the code?

A
  • state a profession’s obligation to society
  • explains conventions between professionals
  • reflects the collective recognition of the member’s responsibilities
  • creates a norm of ethical behavior
  • indicates to others the serious concern with responsible and professional conduct
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3
Q

What are a few arguments against a Code of Ethics?

A
  • it is too simplistic/general OR too prescriptive/controversial
  • ethics should be open-ended and codes confuse this
  • professionals should have no special duties beyond being a moral person
  • codes are rarely sought after for guidance/utilized
  • a code might compromise an individual’s moral autonomy
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4
Q

What are some major topics covered in the Naturopathic Code of Ethics (2012)?

A 
Honesty
(Improper) Relationships
Privacy
Performance
Obligation
Competence
Discrimination
Communication
Conflicts of Interest
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5
Q

What types of problems occur within moral dilemmas?

A

Moral uncertainty
moral dilemma
moral distress

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6
Q

What is moral uncertainty?

A

act not quite right, don’t know what to do

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7
Q

What is a moral dilemma?

A

two or more options/actions, don’t know which is right.

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8
Q

What is moral distress?

A

knowing the correct action, but being constrained by unacceptable consequences

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9
Q

What information gathering considerations are encouraged by the Jonsen Model?

A
  • Medical Indications
  • Patient Preferences
  • Quality of Life
  • Contextual Features
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10
Q

What are common steps to dealing with ethical/moral dilemmas?

A
  • gather the facts
  • gain addt’l info from an expert, if needed
  • talk to a peer/mentor
  • decide
  • -> There is often more than one “right” action and the wrong one is usually apparent
  • Act and accept responsibility (Kantian)
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11
Q

What is expected from AANP CoE - Honesty:

A
  • conduct in an honest manner
  • do not represent self to patients or public in an untruthful, misleading, or deceptive manner
  • do not engage in false advertising
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12
Q

AANP - Improper Relationship:

A
  • no sexual relations with patient, unless released from care for at least one year
  • termination of physician-patient relationship should be in writing and the patient should understand the termination of care
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13
Q

AANO CoE: Privacy

A
  • maintain patient confidentiality and privacy

EXCEPTION: if patient is a danger to public or him/herself, physician shall contact appropriate officials/agencies

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14
Q

AANP CoE: Performance

A
  • perform tasks/responsibilities to best of your abilities and standards of care
  • refrain from engaging in any behavior that detracts from ability to engage in competent care
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15
Q

AANP CoE: Obligation

Fundamental

A

Fundamental Obligation is to the patient, and to the maintenance and improvement of the patient’s health and well-being

16
Q

What does obligation look like?

A
  • employ methods/diagnoses true to naturopathy, provide patient with info, and seek informed consent
  • facilitate patient’s access to high quality, safe and reliable medicine, devices, tests, etc
  • offer alternative sources of the above things
  • refrain from recommending medicines or treatments of a secret nature
  • all therapies should be monitored by an ND in a timely manner and with assessment
  • only provide or recommend services that are medically necessary or beneficial
17
Q

AANP CoE: Competence

A

maintain proficiency and competence; be diligent in the provision and administration of patient care

  • -> Continuing Edu
  • exercise judgments with competency and collaborate when needed
  • pursue approp. advanced training when expanding services
  • dedicate sufficient time to each patient
18
Q

AANP CoE: Discrimination

A

A ND is free to decide whether or not to provide medical care to a particular person

  • unless confronted with med emergency
  • unless other reasonable options are not available
  • may not discriminate on basis of race, ethnicity, creed, religion, disability, gender, age, sexual orientation, or national origin (Protected classes)
  • once relationship has begun, care must be provided until it is complete, patient ends relationship or ND has discharged the patient from care
  • if ND wishes to end care, provide/document a formal referral
19
Q

AANP CoE: Communication

A

Communicate effectively with patient

  • educate the patient
  • convey relevant info in terms that the patient can understand
  • provide adequate opportunity for questions and discussion
  • transfer patient records to another HC provider at the request of patient
  • maintain confidentiality of all patient records (exceptions: patient request or law)
  • treat with respect
20
Q

AANP CoE: Conflicts of Interest

A

Conflicts should always be resolved in the best interest of the patient
- disclose any conflicting financial interests to patient (including appropriate medical care, compensation from product sales/statements/endorsements)

21
Q

AANP CoE: Improper Conduct

A

A ND shall not prescribe, provide, or seek compensation for medical services that are not specifically indicated for an individual patient

22
Q

AANP CoE: Influence

A

ND shall not exert influence over a patient’s decision to undertake any action that is contrary to the patient’s best interest

23
Q

AANP CoE: Accepting Gifts

A

ND shall not accept gifts from any individual or entity that are deemed to influence the ND’s clinical judgment

24
Q

Failure to comply results in what?

A

reprimand or revocation of membership in AANP

Naturopathic Medical Ethics (5 decks)

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