lecture 4 Flashcards
how many 65-79y report 2-3 chronic diseases? how many report 4 or more? how many report 7 or more?
Half (50%) report 2-3
16% 4 or more
7% 7 or more
progressive decline in _____ functions
physical
note*
More absolute number of chronic conditions does not
necessarily mean functional disabilities, isolation, low quality of life, dissatisfaction with life, and perceiving to be unhealthy
Depends on medical care, education, environment (physical and social)
Intrinsic (normal Wear & Tear) vs extrinsic (environment)
intrinsic - variations in speed but a universal occurrence
extrinsic - depends on lifestyle and contextual factors
A linear ______ in rates of chronic diseases, disability, and cognitive decline with age
increase
what is mortality?
number of death in a population during a given time
what is survival?
proportion of people who are still alive after an event
what is morbidity?
any departure from ‘health’
(rate of diseases in a population)
a reduction in the capacity of function is known as what?
disability
what is the critical period? and what are vulnerable ages?
exposure during a specific period of life has lasting or lifelong effects
vulnerable ages: fetal, adolescence, early old age (65-75)
what is the accumulation of risk model?
increase in number/ or duration of exposure
cumulative damages
=
higher risk for disease
(ex; smoking and lung cancer)
what is the chain of risk model?
each exposure to a risk factor increases the likelihood of being exposed to another risk factor
note*
for healthy aging, we have to consider the interrelations between biology, environment (physical and social), and time (life course exposure)
decline in health status note*
unfavourable exposure
impairment
=
chronic conditions
=
disability
what are 3 more measures of disability beyond activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)?
- short physical performance battery (SPPB)
- evaluating lower extremity functioning in older persons
- ex; stand on one leg for 10sec - nagi scale
- self report of walking, lifting and handling objects - late-life disability instrument (LLDI)
- frequency of and limitations in performing mostly social activities (family, travel, going out, etc)
what is life expectancy vs. life span?
life expectancy: average # of years a person is expected to live
life span: maximum # of years a person can life
what is the epidemiological transition?
google- a theory which describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death
what is compression of morbidity? what is expansion of morbidity?
compression of mobidity: individuals would live longer but remain healthier for most of their lives, experiencing serious illness only shortly before death (only illness for a short time of their lives; before death)
(increase quality of life)
expansion of morbidity: medical advancements extend life expectancy but do not necessarily prevent chronic illnesses
what is successful aging?
having all three of physical health, cognitive function, and emotional and social health in check
note*
Some researcher by analyzing mortality and population data from Statistics Canada found “no clear overall trend in compression or expansion of morbidity from 1994 to 2010 at the national level in Canada”, some expansion in NL & PEI.
To achieve a successful (healthy) aging a multidisciplinary approach is warranted
