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FRM 145 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

International Protocols on Climate Change

1
Q

Founded in 1988 to assess scientific evidence of climate change

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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2
Q

Providing opportunities for participation to all UN and WMO participants

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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3
Q

With the aim of directing related policies, but not impartial and not intended to develop
policies

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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4
Q

Most of it is done by 1000 famous researchers and national science institutions

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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5
Q

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Al Gore (for his efforts in the documentary “An Inconvenient Truth”)., IPCC, 2014.

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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6
Q

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

A
  1. Founded in 1988 to assess scientific evidence of climate change
  2. Providing opportunities for participation to all UN and WMO participants
  3. With the aim of directing related policies, but not impartial and not intended to develop
    policies
  4. Most of it is done by 1000 famous researchers and national science institutions
  5. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Al Gore (for his efforts in the documentary “An Inconvenient Truth”)., IPCC, 2014.
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7
Q

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2

A

Assess … scientific research information,
concrete / technical evidence, and
relevant socio-economic data to
understand … human impacts on climate
change, as well as potential impacts, and
adaptation and mitigation options.

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8
Q

Assess … scientific research information,
concrete / technical evidence, and
relevant socio-economic data to
understand … human impacts on climate
change, as well as potential impacts, and
adaptation and mitigation options.

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2

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9
Q

IPCC Assessment Reports

A

prepares comprehensive
Assessment Reports about the latest
scientific knowledge on climate
change, its causes, potential impacts
and response options.

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10
Q

prepares comprehensive
Assessment Reports about the latest
scientific knowledge on climate
change, its causes, potential impacts
and response options.

A

IPCC Assessment Reports

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11
Q

IPCC Assessment Reports 2

A

produces Special Reports, which
are an assessment on a specific issue
and Methodology Reports, which
provide practical guidelines for the
preparation of greenhouse gas
inventories.

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12
Q

produces Special Reports, which
are an assessment on a specific issue
and Methodology Reports, which
provide practical guidelines for the
preparation of greenhouse gas
inventories.

A

IPCC Assessment Reports 2

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13
Q

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)

A

An international environmental treaty adopted at the
UN Headquarters on 9 May 1992 and opened for
signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 and came to force in
1994.

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14
Q

An international environmental treaty adopted at the
UN Headquarters on 9 May 1992 and opened for
signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 and came to force in
1994.

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)

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15
Q

when does UNFCC entered into force

A

March 21 1994

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16
Q

how many UNFCC parties currently

A

197

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17
Q

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 2

A

sets an overall
framework for intergovernmental
efforts to tackle the challenge
posed by climate change.

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18
Q

sets an overall
framework for intergovernmental
efforts to tackle the challenge
posed by climate change.

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 2

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19
Q

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 3

A

It recognizes that the climate
system is a shared resource
whose stability can be affected by
industrial and other emissions of
carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases.

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20
Q

It recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can be affected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 3

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21
Q

UNFCC Objective

A

To achieve, in accordance with
the relevant provisions of the
Convention, stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations
in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with
the climate system

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22
Q

To achieve, in accordance with
the relevant provisions of the
Convention, stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations
in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with
the climate system

A

UNFCC Objective

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23
Q

Principles of the UNFCCC 1

A

“The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future
generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed
country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse
effects thereof.”

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24
Q

“The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future
generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed
country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse
effects thereof.”

A

Principles of the UNFCCC 1

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25
Q

Principles of the UNFCCC 2

A

“The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially
those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of
those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a
disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full
consideration.”

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26
Q

“The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially
those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of
those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a
disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full
consideration.”

A

Principles of the UNFCCC 2

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27
Q

Principles of the UNFCCC 3

A

“The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes
of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for
postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate
change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.”

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28
Q

“The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate
change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.”

A

Principles of the UNFCCC 3

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29
Q

Principles of the UNFCCC 4

A

“The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development.
Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced
change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should
be integrated with national development programs, taking into account that
economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate
change.”

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30
Q

“The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development.
Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced
change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should
be integrated with national development programs, taking into account that
economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate
change.”

A

Principles of the UNFCCC 4

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31
Q

Principles of the UNFCCC 5

A

“The Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open
international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and
development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling
them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures taken to combat
climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary
or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade.”

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32
Q

“The Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open
international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and
development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling
them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures taken to combat
climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary
or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade.”

A

Principles of the UNFCCC 5

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33
Q

bodies of UNFCCC (5)

A
  1. Supreme Bodies
  2. Constituted Bodies
  3. Funds and Financial Entities
  4. Bodies That Have Concluded Work
  5. Subsidiary Bodies
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34
Q

bodies of UNFCCC
supreme bodies (4)

A
  1. Bureau of the COP, CMP, and CMA
  2. Conference of the Parties (COP)
  3. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP)
  4. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA)
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35
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

industrialized nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, by varying amounts, averaging 5.2%, by 2012 as compared to 1990. That equates to a 29% cut in the values that would have otherwise
occurred.

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36
Q

industrialized nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, by varying amounts, averaging 5.2%, by 2012 as compared to 1990. That equates to a 29% cut in the values that would have otherwise
occurred.

A

Kyoto Protocol

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37
Q

two biggest emitters of all

A

United States and China

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38
Q

United States and China

A

two biggest emitters of all

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39
Q

Kyoto Mechanisms
Joint Implementation (JI)

A

Projects (jointly) funded by an industrialized country in another industrialized country to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks

40
Q

Projects (jointly) funded by an industrialized country in another industrialized country to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks

A

Kyoto Mechanisms
Joint Implementation (JI)

41
Q

Kyoto Mechanisms
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

A

Projects funded by industrialized countries in developing countries to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks (and aid sustainable development in poor countries)

42
Q

Projects funded by industrialized countries in developing countries to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks (and aid sustainable development in poor countries)

A

Kyoto Mechanisms
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

43
Q

Kyoto Mechanisms
Emissions Trading

A
  • Provides for industrialized countries to purchase ‘assigned amount units’ of emissions from another industrialized country to help meet emission targets
  • Carbon trading-Andy Ford lectures, April 19, 21
44
Q
  • Provides for industrialized countries to purchase ‘assigned amount units’ of emissions from another industrialized country to help meet emission targets
  • Carbon trading-Andy Ford lectures, April 19, 21
A

Kyoto Mechanisms
Emissions Trading

45
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT

A

new global agreement on climate change. It
was adopted by Parties under the UNFCCC on 12 December 2015. It
commits all countries to take action on climate change.

46
Q

new global agreement on climate change. It
was adopted by Parties under the UNFCCC on 12 December 2015. It
commits all countries to take action on climate change.

A

PARIS AGREEMENT

47
Q

Paris Agreement entered into force on ___ and will take effect from ____

A

Nov 4 2016

2020

48
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT 2

A

Parties choose the efforts and measures themselves (the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions), but the Paris Agreement provides for a mechanism of assessing progress and increasing global ambition over time by a regular “global stock take”.

49
Q

Parties choose the efforts and measures themselves (the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions), but the Paris Agreement provides for a mechanism of assessing progress and increasing global ambition over time by a regular “global stock take”.

A

PARIS AGREEMENT 2

50
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT 3

A

aims at enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing the vulnerability to climate change

51
Q

aims at enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing the vulnerability to climate change

A

PARIS AGREEMENT 3

52
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT
aim

A

to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C and to 1.5°C if possible.

53
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT
objective

A

level off greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.

54
Q

PARIS AGREEMENT
principal

A

to differentiate between developed and developing countries. Developed countries must lead the way for reduction of emissions and support developing countries in implementing this. Other countries with the ability to do so may also contribute their support on a voluntary basis to achieve this target.

55
Q

Paris agreement
means

A

Countries must submit Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) which are revised upwards every 5 years. The 1st report is due in 2023. North-South technology transfer.

56
Q

Paris Agreement
financing

A

from 2020, rich countries must contribute at least $100 billion per year. This amount will be reviewed in 2025.

57
Q

Paris Agreement
new mechanism

A

loss and damage. Measures must be taken to avert, minimize and address the concrete effects of climate change, in order to help the most vulnerable countries.

58
Q

Paris Agreement
Entry into force

A

2020 if the Agreement is ratified by 55 countries accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

59
Q

1979

A

World Climate Conference takes place in Geneva

60
Q

World Climate Conference takes place in Geneva

A

1979

61
Q

1987

A

The Montreal Protocol is adopted (The protocol restricts the use of chemicals that can damage the ozone layer)

62
Q

The Montreal Protocol is adopted (The protocol restricts the use of chemicals that can damage the ozone layer)

A

1987

63
Q

purpose of paris agreement (3)

A
  1. Keep the global average temperature well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5° C
  2. Strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change
  3. Make sure that financial flows support the development of low carbon and climate-resilient economies.
64
Q

1988

A

IPCC is set up

65
Q

IPCC is set up

A

1988

66
Q

1990

A

IPCC 1” Assessment Report

67
Q

IPCC 1” Assessment Report

A

1990

68
Q

1992

A

Convention on Climate Change is adopted

69
Q

Convention on Climate Change is adopted

A

1992

70
Q

1994

A

The UNFCCC enters into force

71
Q

The UNFCCC enters into force

A

1994

72
Q

1995

A

COP1 takes place in Berlin

73
Q

COP1 takes place in Berlin

A

1995

74
Q

1997

A

Kyoto Protocol is adopted

75
Q

Kyoto Protocol is adopted

A

1997

76
Q

2001

A

The Marrakesh accords (adopted in COP 7)

77
Q

The Marrakesh accords (adopted in COP 7)

A

2001

78
Q

2005

A

Kyoto Protocol enters into force

79
Q

Kyoto Protocol enters into force

A

2005

80
Q

2010

A

The Cancun Agreements are adopted; Green Climate Fund is established

81
Q

The Cancun Agreements are adopted; Green Climate Fund is established

A

2010

82
Q

2011

A

COP17 takes place in Durban

83
Q

COP17 takes place in Durban

A

2011

84
Q

2012

A

COP18 takes place in Doha

85
Q

COP18 takes place in Doha

A

2012

86
Q

2013

A

COP19 in Warsaw

87
Q

COP19 in Warsaw

A

2013

88
Q

2014

A

COP20 takes place in Lima

89
Q

COP20 takes place in Lima

A

2014

90
Q

2015

A

Paris Climate agreement adopted at COP21

91
Q

Paris Climate agreement adopted at COP21

A

2015

92
Q

2016

A

Paris Climate Agreement enters into force; COP 22 at Marrakesh

93
Q

Paris Climate Agreement enters into force; COP 22 at Marrakesh

A

2016

94
Q

2017

A

COP23 at Bonn

95
Q

COP23 at Bonn

A

2017

96
Q

2018

A

COP24 at Katowice

97
Q

COP24 at Katowice

A

2018

FRM 145 (6 decks)

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