Lecture 4 Flashcards
International Protocols on Climate Change
Founded in 1988 to assess scientific evidence of climate change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Providing opportunities for participation to all UN and WMO participants
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
With the aim of directing related policies, but not impartial and not intended to develop
policies
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Most of it is done by 1000 famous researchers and national science institutions
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Al Gore (for his efforts in the documentary “An Inconvenient Truth”)., IPCC, 2014.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- Founded in 1988 to assess scientific evidence of climate change
- Providing opportunities for participation to all UN and WMO participants
- With the aim of directing related policies, but not impartial and not intended to develop
policies - Most of it is done by 1000 famous researchers and national science institutions
- Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Al Gore (for his efforts in the documentary “An Inconvenient Truth”)., IPCC, 2014.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2
Assess … scientific research information,
concrete / technical evidence, and
relevant socio-economic data to
understand … human impacts on climate
change, as well as potential impacts, and
adaptation and mitigation options.
Assess … scientific research information,
concrete / technical evidence, and
relevant socio-economic data to
understand … human impacts on climate
change, as well as potential impacts, and
adaptation and mitigation options.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2
IPCC Assessment Reports
prepares comprehensive
Assessment Reports about the latest
scientific knowledge on climate
change, its causes, potential impacts
and response options.
prepares comprehensive
Assessment Reports about the latest
scientific knowledge on climate
change, its causes, potential impacts
and response options.
IPCC Assessment Reports
IPCC Assessment Reports 2
produces Special Reports, which
are an assessment on a specific issue
and Methodology Reports, which
provide practical guidelines for the
preparation of greenhouse gas
inventories.
produces Special Reports, which
are an assessment on a specific issue
and Methodology Reports, which
provide practical guidelines for the
preparation of greenhouse gas
inventories.
IPCC Assessment Reports 2
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
An international environmental treaty adopted at the
UN Headquarters on 9 May 1992 and opened for
signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 and came to force in
1994.
An international environmental treaty adopted at the
UN Headquarters on 9 May 1992 and opened for
signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992 and came to force in
1994.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
when does UNFCC entered into force
March 21 1994
how many UNFCC parties currently
197
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 2
sets an overall
framework for intergovernmental
efforts to tackle the challenge
posed by climate change.
sets an overall
framework for intergovernmental
efforts to tackle the challenge
posed by climate change.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 2
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 3
It recognizes that the climate
system is a shared resource
whose stability can be affected by
industrial and other emissions of
carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases.
It recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can be affected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) 3
UNFCC Objective
To achieve, in accordance with
the relevant provisions of the
Convention, stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations
in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with
the climate system
To achieve, in accordance with
the relevant provisions of the
Convention, stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations
in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with
the climate system
UNFCC Objective
Principles of the UNFCCC 1
“The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future
generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed
country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse
effects thereof.”
“The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future
generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed
country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse
effects thereof.”
Principles of the UNFCCC 1
Principles of the UNFCCC 2
“The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially
those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of
those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a
disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full
consideration.”
“The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially
those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of
those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a
disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full
consideration.”
Principles of the UNFCCC 2
Principles of the UNFCCC 3
“The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes
of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for
postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate
change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.”
“The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate
change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.”
Principles of the UNFCCC 3
Principles of the UNFCCC 4
“The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development.
Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced
change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should
be integrated with national development programs, taking into account that
economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate
change.”
“The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development.
Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced
change should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should
be integrated with national development programs, taking into account that
economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate
change.”
Principles of the UNFCCC 4
Principles of the UNFCCC 5
“The Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open
international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and
development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling
them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures taken to combat
climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary
or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade.”
“The Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open
international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and
development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling
them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures taken to combat
climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary
or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade.”
Principles of the UNFCCC 5
bodies of UNFCCC (5)
- Supreme Bodies
- Constituted Bodies
- Funds and Financial Entities
- Bodies That Have Concluded Work
- Subsidiary Bodies
bodies of UNFCCC
supreme bodies (4)
- Bureau of the COP, CMP, and CMA
- Conference of the Parties (COP)
- Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP)
- Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA)
Kyoto Protocol
industrialized nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, by varying amounts, averaging 5.2%, by 2012 as compared to 1990. That equates to a 29% cut in the values that would have otherwise
occurred.
industrialized nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, by varying amounts, averaging 5.2%, by 2012 as compared to 1990. That equates to a 29% cut in the values that would have otherwise
occurred.
Kyoto Protocol
two biggest emitters of all
United States and China
United States and China
two biggest emitters of all
Kyoto Mechanisms
Joint Implementation (JI)
Projects (jointly) funded by an industrialized country in another industrialized country to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks
Projects (jointly) funded by an industrialized country in another industrialized country to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks
Kyoto Mechanisms
Joint Implementation (JI)
Kyoto Mechanisms
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Projects funded by industrialized countries in developing countries to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks (and aid sustainable development in poor countries)
Projects funded by industrialized countries in developing countries to reduce emissions or increase GHG sinks (and aid sustainable development in poor countries)
Kyoto Mechanisms
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Kyoto Mechanisms
Emissions Trading
- Provides for industrialized countries to purchase ‘assigned amount units’ of emissions from another industrialized country to help meet emission targets
- Carbon trading-Andy Ford lectures, April 19, 21
- Provides for industrialized countries to purchase ‘assigned amount units’ of emissions from another industrialized country to help meet emission targets
- Carbon trading-Andy Ford lectures, April 19, 21
Kyoto Mechanisms
Emissions Trading
PARIS AGREEMENT
new global agreement on climate change. It
was adopted by Parties under the UNFCCC on 12 December 2015. It
commits all countries to take action on climate change.
new global agreement on climate change. It
was adopted by Parties under the UNFCCC on 12 December 2015. It
commits all countries to take action on climate change.
PARIS AGREEMENT
Paris Agreement entered into force on ___ and will take effect from ____
Nov 4 2016
2020
PARIS AGREEMENT 2
Parties choose the efforts and measures themselves (the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions), but the Paris Agreement provides for a mechanism of assessing progress and increasing global ambition over time by a regular “global stock take”.
Parties choose the efforts and measures themselves (the so-called Nationally Determined Contributions), but the Paris Agreement provides for a mechanism of assessing progress and increasing global ambition over time by a regular “global stock take”.
PARIS AGREEMENT 2
PARIS AGREEMENT 3
aims at enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing the vulnerability to climate change
aims at enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing the vulnerability to climate change
PARIS AGREEMENT 3
PARIS AGREEMENT
aim
to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C and to 1.5°C if possible.
PARIS AGREEMENT
objective
level off greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.
PARIS AGREEMENT
principal
to differentiate between developed and developing countries. Developed countries must lead the way for reduction of emissions and support developing countries in implementing this. Other countries with the ability to do so may also contribute their support on a voluntary basis to achieve this target.
Paris agreement
means
Countries must submit Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) which are revised upwards every 5 years. The 1st report is due in 2023. North-South technology transfer.
Paris Agreement
financing
from 2020, rich countries must contribute at least $100 billion per year. This amount will be reviewed in 2025.
Paris Agreement
new mechanism
loss and damage. Measures must be taken to avert, minimize and address the concrete effects of climate change, in order to help the most vulnerable countries.
Paris Agreement
Entry into force
2020 if the Agreement is ratified by 55 countries accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
1979
World Climate Conference takes place in Geneva
World Climate Conference takes place in Geneva
1979
1987
The Montreal Protocol is adopted (The protocol restricts the use of chemicals that can damage the ozone layer)
The Montreal Protocol is adopted (The protocol restricts the use of chemicals that can damage the ozone layer)
1987
purpose of paris agreement (3)
- Keep the global average temperature well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5° C
- Strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change
- Make sure that financial flows support the development of low carbon and climate-resilient economies.
1988
IPCC is set up
IPCC is set up
1988
1990
IPCC 1” Assessment Report
IPCC 1” Assessment Report
1990
1992
Convention on Climate Change is adopted
Convention on Climate Change is adopted
1992
1994
The UNFCCC enters into force
The UNFCCC enters into force
1994
1995
COP1 takes place in Berlin
COP1 takes place in Berlin
1995
1997
Kyoto Protocol is adopted
Kyoto Protocol is adopted
1997
2001
The Marrakesh accords (adopted in COP 7)
The Marrakesh accords (adopted in COP 7)
2001
2005
Kyoto Protocol enters into force
Kyoto Protocol enters into force
2005
2010
The Cancun Agreements are adopted; Green Climate Fund is established
The Cancun Agreements are adopted; Green Climate Fund is established
2010
2011
COP17 takes place in Durban
COP17 takes place in Durban
2011
2012
COP18 takes place in Doha
COP18 takes place in Doha
2012
2013
COP19 in Warsaw
COP19 in Warsaw
2013
2014
COP20 takes place in Lima
COP20 takes place in Lima
2014
2015
Paris Climate agreement adopted at COP21
Paris Climate agreement adopted at COP21
2015
2016
Paris Climate Agreement enters into force; COP 22 at Marrakesh
Paris Climate Agreement enters into force; COP 22 at Marrakesh
2016
2017
COP23 at Bonn
COP23 at Bonn
2017
2018
COP24 at Katowice
COP24 at Katowice
2018
