Lecture 4

Question 1

What are the reasons for primary tooth loss?

Answer 1

1. premature loss of primary teeth
2. proximal carious lesions
3. trauma
4. orthodontic reasons (crowding & malalignment)

Question 2

The loss of primary teeth may lead to:

Answer 2

1. mesial migration of teeth
2. malocclusion in permanent dentition
3. crowding
4. impaction of permanent teeth
5. supraeruption of opposing teeth
6. changing/redirecting the path of eruption
7. loss of arch length
8. decreasing arch perimeter

Question 3

What serves as the BEST space maintainers for permanent dentition?

Answer 3

Primary teeth

Question 4

If premature extraction or early loss of primary tooth is unavoidable what is the next best treatment option?

Answer 4

placing a space maintainer

Question 5

What does a space maintainer appliance do?

Answer 5

It maintains the extraction space for the settlement of the successor permanent teeth

Question 6

Space maintenace is appropriate ONLY when:

Answer 6

1. all unerupted teeth are at the normal stage of development
2. adequate space is available
3. all unerupted teeth are present

Question 7

If a permanent successor will eruption WITHIN 6 MONTHS, is a space maintainer necessary?

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

If more than 1/2 to 2/3 of the permanent root has formed, is a space maintainer necessary?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

We expect to see the tooth in the mouth when ____ of the root has developed

Answer 9

3/4

Question 11

What situations would require other treatment approaches because space maintanenace is inadequate or inappropriate?

Answer 11

1. space loss (not enough space available for permanent teeth)
2. missing permanent teeth
3. severe skeletal discrepancy
4. severe crowding
5. severe spacing

Question 12

What are the four common FIXED appliances that are generally used to maintain space in the primary dentition?

Answer 12

1. band and loop (crown & loop)
2. lower lingual holding arch
3. nance
4. distal shoe

Question 13

T/F: For a lower lingual holding arch fixed appliance all lower incisors must be erupted

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Bands on the molars, transpalatal arch, acrylic piece holds the molar in place:

Answer 14

Nance

Question 15

Band is placed on the first primary molar with an extension:

Answer 15

Distal shoe

Question 16

Before eruption of the permanent incisors, if a single primary molar has been lost B/L what space maintainers are recommended?

Answer 16

A pair of band and loop space maintainers

(this is advisable because the permanent incisor tooth buds are LINGUAL to the primary incisors and often erupt lingually)

Question 17

What do the band and loop space enable the permanent incisors to do?

Answer 17

They allow the permanent incisors to erupt without interference from a lingual wire

Question 18

Do band and loops have good survical times?

Answer 18

No –> they survive about 18 months with cement failure as the most frequent problem

Question 19

If we do not use a space maintainer with a premature loss of a deciduous second molar what happens to the first molar?

Answer 19

Permanent first molar may tip or move mesially

Question 20

Similar appliance to space maintainer but is spring loaded:

Answer 20

Space regainer

Question 21

What is space regainer used for?

Answer 21

Used to regain space when first permanent molar has already begun to drift into the space left by the primary molar