Lecture 4 Flashcards
Utilizes the principles for control, geologic and topographic surveying to map underground and surface works related to mining operations.
Mining Surveys
refers to all naturally occurring inorganic substance in solid, gas, liquid or any intermediate state including energy materials such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, radioactive materials and geothermal energy
Minerals
thin deposit of minerals between definite boundaries; sometimes called “orebody”
Vein
exposed part of the vein
Outcrop
a horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for working or dewatering a mine
Adit
the line of intersection between vein and the horizontal plane.
Strike
angle of inclination of the vein from the horizontal plane
Dip
a horizontal opening in or near a mineral deposit and parallel to the course of the vein or long dimension of the deposit
Drift
underground “room” or working area from which ore is removed
Stope
a vertical or inclined excavation in a mine extending downward from the surface or from some interior point as a principal opening
Shaft
a horizontal opening/tunnel driven from the shaft to a vein
Cross Cut
the term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth or top of a shaft
Collar
an excavation made at the bottom of a shaft to collect water
Sump
a vertical or inclined opening driven upwards in ore from a level
Raise
a vertical or inclined opening driven downwards (sunk) from a point inside the mine for the purpose of connecting with a lower level
Winze
the wall or rock under a vein or other steeply inclined mineral formation
Foot Wall
the wall or rock on the upper side of steeply inclined deposits
Hanging Wall
horizontal passage or drift which starts from shafts and are commonly spaced at regular intervals in depth; either numbered from the surface in regular order or are designated by their actual elevation below the top of the shaft; comprises lateral workings (stations, drifts and crosscuts)
Level
a construction at a top of a shaft which houses hoisting equipment
Headframe
mined rocks that do not contain minerals
Waste
an elevator for workers and materials in a mine shaft
Cage
a mineral deposit that can be worked at a profit under existing economic conditions
Ore
vertical or diagonal opening between levels to permit movement of ore by gravity
Ore Pass
waste rock or other materials used to fill a mined-out stope to prevent caving
Back Fill
