Lecture 4 Flashcards
Stages of Memory
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
Inattential Blindness
- Clown unicycled on campus example
- Phone users vs non-phone users
Change blindness
When there is a changein the visual field that the observer did not notice due to inattention
Weapon focus effect
- Presence of a weapon reduces witness accuracy
- Eyes drawn to weapon, less attention on culprit
Two types of memory
- Verbatim (specific detail)
- Gist (the meaning of a memory)
Encoding Cross-race effect
We are more accurate a IDing a member of our own race than another race
Script
Belief about expected sequence of actions
- Memory may be distorted to conform with script
Unconscious transference
Memory from one context is mistakenly attributed to another
Storage errors (Sterotypes, Shepherd et al)
- Women are shown a photo of a man, 1/2 told he’s a heroic boater, 1/2 told he’s a murderer
- The murderer sketch rated as less attractive, having more negative traits
Retrieval ( two types )
a) recall memory
- reporting your experience as you remember it
b) Recognition memory
Is this what you saw, heard, experienced?
Misinformation effect
Occurs when post-event info alters the original memory
Flashbulb memories
- Vivid memories often tied to a surprising, important, emotional event
Trace decay
Gradual deterioration of memory often time
Lineup - Concepts
Foils: Fillers, other lineup members
Suspect: May or may not be the true culprit
Nominal size: Total # of people in the lineup
Functional size: # of lineup members who resemble the suspect
Types of line up procedures
Simultaneous lineup: all members are presented at the same time
Sequential: Members presented one at a time
