lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
key concepts
A
- metabolism transforms matter and energy
- free energy of a reaction
- ATP powers cellular work by energy coupling
- enzymes speed up reactions
- enzyme regulation controls metabolism
2
Q
metabolism
A
- emergent property of life arising from interactions between molecules within cell
- arranged as intersecting metabolic pathways (begins with specific molecule, ends with product)
- catalysed by specific enzyme
3
Q
catabolic/anabolic pathways
A
- release of energy by breaking down complex molecules into simplar compounds
- consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
4
Q
forms of energy
A
- capacity to cause change
- kinetic: motion
- heat: random movement of atoms/molecules (very high entropy)
- potential: due to location
- chemical: potential energy available for release in chemical rxn
5
Q
laws of energy transformation
A
- thermodynamics (study of energy transformations)
6
Q
1st law thermodynamics
A
- constant energy in universe
- principle of conservation
7
Q
2nd law of thermodynamics
A
- every energy transfer/transformation some is unusable (lost as heat)
- transfer/transformation increases entropy of universe
- entropy may decrease in organism but univere’s still increases
- process without energy input, entropy must increase in universe
- spontaneous processes occur without energy input
8
Q
free energy
A
- G = H-TS
- G: gibbs free energy
- H: enthalpy
- T: temp.
- S: entropy
- change G = G final - G inital
- change G = change H- T change S
- -ve delta G = spontaneous
9
Q
stability/eqm
A
- free energy = systems instability
- spont. free energy decrease; stability of syst. increases
- eqm. state of max stability
