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Cardio Week 4 > Lecture 39: Diet and Exercise, Role in the Prevention of CV Disease > Flashcards

Lecture 39: Diet and Exercise, Role in the Prevention of CV Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for MI in men and women?

A
  1. obesity

2. physical inactivity

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2
Q

What is the relationship between BMI and CV disease?

A

Directly proportional

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3
Q

What is Glagov’s coronary remodeling concept?

A

How lumen stays patent even though there is outpouching of fibrous cap/lipid core
40% stenotic before there is an obstruction in blood flow

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4
Q

What is the Metabolic Syndrome?

A

A constellation of features that are associated with obesity

  1. abdominal obesity
  2. hypertriglyceride
  3. low HDL
  4. High BP
  5. high fasting glucose
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5
Q

What is the genetic susceptibility to metabolic syndrome?

A

Genetically susceptible as well to HTN, T2DM and CHD

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6
Q

What are the features of the metabolic syndrome?

A
  1. insulin resistance
  2. hyperinsulinemia
  3. glucose intolerance
  4. impaired fibrinolysis and endothelial dysfunction
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7
Q

What are the benefits of healthy diet, weight loss and exercise?

A 
Improves lipid profile
Decreases insulin resistance
Decreased inflammatory markers (CRP)
Decreases BP
Improves Endothelial Function
Decreased metabolic syndrome parameters
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8
Q

How do you lose 1-2 lbs a week?

A

By eating 500-1000 calories less but doesn’t reduce CV risk if you just eat snickers
Need to reduce calories by eating healthy as well

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9
Q

What is the relationship between fat intake and CV disease progression?

A

Less fat intake = less CV disease

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10
Q

What are the pros of low-carbohydrate diets?

A
  1. diuretic effect for initial weight loss
  2. palatable
  3. caloric restriction
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11
Q

What are the cons of low-carb diet?

A

High protein content (calcium imbalance, renal/hepatic complications
Atherogenic: high saturated fat, cholesterol; ack of fruits, vegetables,, whole grains

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12
Q

What are the effects of low-carb diet on other CVD risk factors?

A
  1. may have beneficial effect on glucose levels (especially in diabetics)
  2. may have short-term defect on insulin sensitivity
  3. may improve diastolic BP
  4. further study needed
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13
Q

What are the three types of diets?

A
  1. Low-fat, restricted calorie
  2. Mediterranean, restricted-calorie
  3. Low-carb, non-restricted calorie
    Mediterranean = lowest LDL, and low carb = lowest triglycerides and highest HDL
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14
Q

Are CV health and weight loss mutually inclusive?

A

No

One does not mean the other

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the well-fed state?

A

High levels of insulin

Insulin leads to storage of glucose in fatty acids and glycogen

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the fasting state?

A

Glucagon stimulates glucose production and release in liver

17
Q

What are the key characteristics of trans fats?

A

Trans bond makes it so that there are more atherosclerotic events

18
Q

How does epinephrine play a role in fuel metabolism?

A

Signals impending activity

Acts on muscle, liver and adipose tissue

19
Q

What is the best diet according to lecturer?

A

Mediterranean Diet seems to be best

- reduces risk of diabetes and reduces cholesterol
- Reduces risk of CV events
- weight loss
- easy to adhere
20
Q

What is the dose of physical activity?

A

The total amount of energy expended (usually expressed in kilojoules or kilocalories)

21
Q

What is absolute intensity?

A

Rate of energy expenditure
Expressed in METs
Walking = 4 METs

22
Q

What is relative intensity?

A

Percentage of maximal aerobic power that is maintained during exercise, expressed as percentage of VO2 max

23
Q

Will you burn more calories running 1 mile or walking one mile?

A

About the same because same amount of work is being done

24
Q

What is the difference between physical activity and fitness?

A

The former is the normal shit you do on a day to day basis (walking to car)
Physical fitness = cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength
Exercise = subset of physical activity that is planned, structured and purposeful

25
Q

What is the significance of trans fats?

A

Behaves atherogenically

26
Q

What are the conclusions for exercise?

A

Exercising at 19km/wk at 40-55% of peak VO2 is the bare minimum
More intensity and repetition = more benefits

27
Q

What are the biological mechanisms for benefits of exercise?

A
  1. Antiatherogenic effects
  2. antithrombotic effects
  3. endothelial function alteration
  4. autonomic functional changes
  5. Anti-ischemic effects
  6. Antiarrhythmic effects
28
Q

What were the antiatherogenic effects of exercise?

A
  1. Reduction of adiposity in abs and upper body
  2. reduction of BP
  3. reduction of TG
  4. increase in HDL
  5. Improved insulin sensitivity
29
Q

What does physical activity do for diabetes mellitus?

A

Beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
Decreased production of glucose from liver
Muscle cells use more glucose
Reduces obesity
Independent effect on symptom amelioration

30
Q

What lifestyle change makes the biggest change in CV disease?

A

Going from not fit to moderately fit made the biggest change

31
Q

What does physical fitness do for your CV disease chance?

A

They improve your risk factors for CV (less likely to get CV

32
Q

What is bottomline for exercise in relation to CV disease?

A

A. Some is definitely better than none, more is probably better
B. Sedentary and obese have the most to gain by just moving out of the lowest category of daily activity
C. Greater amounts and higher intensity probably provides reduction in clinical disease, effect less clear for mortality

33
Q

What is the recommendation of the ACSM for physical activity and CV health?

A

Minimum of 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity (continuous or in 10 minute increments) is required on most days of the week to reduce risk of CAD events
This is equivalent to 1.5 miles per day of brisk walking at an energy cost of 150 kcal/day for avg sized person

Cardio Week 4 (12 decks)

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