Lecture 38: Female Reproduction Flashcards
what controls female reproductive cycle
monthly hormone cycle from:
ant pit
hypothal
ovary
Ovarian cycle def
changes in ovary during and after maturation of oocyte
uterine cycle
prep of uterus to receive fertilized ovum
if implantation doesnt happen, shed functionalis (menstration)
Ovarian cycle
follicular phase
ovulatory phase
luteal phase
Uterine cycle
menstrual phase
prolifereative phase
secretory phase
3 phases that encompas both ovary and uterus
Menstrual phase
preovulatory phase
ovulation
postovulatory phase
Menstrual Phase Overview days
about 5 days
first day= begining of 28 day cycle
Menstrual Phase in ovary
20 follicles begin to develop 6 days earlier
now the start secreting estrogin
fluid filling antrum from granulosa cells
Menstrual Phase in uterus
dec progesteron levels= spiral arteries to constrcict, glandular tissue degenerates
strat funct. sloughed off w/ 50-250 mL blood
Preovulatory Phase days
days 6-13 (most variable)
Preovulatory Phase in ovary
Follicular Phase! (day 1-14)
follicular secretion of estrogen and inhibin SLOWS FSH secretion
dominant follicle emerges (day 6)
by 14 days: graafian follicle enlraged and bulges at surface
inc estrogen=secrete LH
Preovulatory Phase in uterus
proliferative Phase
inc estrogen repair and thicken functionalis to 4-10 mm thick
Postovulatory
most consistant: about 14 days
Postovulatory in ovary
Luteal phase
fertiliation doesnt occur= form albicans
YES TO FERTILIZATION= developing embryo secrete human chronic gonadotropin
this maintains health of corpus luteum and hormonal secretions
Postovulatory in uterus
Secretory phase
hormones from corpus luteum promote thickening of endometrium to 12-18 mm
form of more endometrial glands and vascularization
IF NO FERTILIZATION: mentral phase starts
Ovulation
high levels estronges from maturing follicles=release of more GnRH and LH
GnRHmakes more FSH and H release
LH surge brings about ovulation
Hormonal Reg: GnRH
secreted by hypothal
controls female reproductive cycle
stims ant pit to relase LH and FSH
Hormonal Reg: FSH
initiate growth of follicles tht secrete estrogen
estrogen maintains reproductive organs
Hormonal Reg: LH
stim ovulation
promotes formation of corpus luteum (secretes estrogens, progesterone relaxin, inhibin)
progeesterone
preps uterus for implntation
mammary glands for milk secretion
relaxin
facilitates implantation in relaxed uterus
inhibin
inhibits secretion of FSH
Follicular Phase! (day 1-14)
8-15 primary follicles
FSH: antrum development and estradiol secretion
one dominant follcile rises
Estradiol peak b4 LH surge
Ovulatory phase
day 14
LH surge stims ovulation of mature follicle
Luteal phase
days 15-28
corpus luteum forms
CL secretes progesteron and estradiol
Luteolysis starts at 15 days for nonpregnant
Mestrual phase (uterine cycle)
discharge of blood and endometrial tissue
proliferative phase
estradiol stim growth of endometrium
thicken endometrum
secretory phase
nutrients to sustain embryo
decline in progesterone and estradiol at end of phase to release prostaglandins
