Lecture 38 - Abdominal

Question 1

Division of the anterior abdomen

Answer 1

Question 2

What 4 muscles make up the abdominal wall

Answer 2

1. Transversus abdominis
2. Rectus abdominis
3. External oblique muscles
4. Internal oblique muscles

Question 3

Transversus abdominis

Answer 3

Deepest layer that stabilizes the trunk and maintains internal abdominal pressure

Question 4

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 4

Between ribs and pubis at front of pelvis that causes 6 pack during contraction and its main function is to move the body between the ribcage and pelvis

Question 5

External Oblique muscles

Answer 5

Found on each side of rectus abdominis that allows the trunk to twist, but to opposite side of whichever oblique is contracting (eg. right external oblique contracts to turn body left)

Question 6

Internal oblique muscles

Answer 6

Located inside hipbones that operate opposite to external oblique (eg. twist trunk to left requires left internal and right external oblique to contract)

Question 7

What is the action of the abdominal muscles during gait

Answer 7

Rectus abdominas and external obliques at one side act eccentrically to decelerate the anterior pelvis tilting created by extension of the hip of that side. While the rectus abdominas and external obliques of the other side work eccentrically to control thoracic extension and rotation created by extension of shoulder.

Question 8

Cross section of abdominal wall

Answer 8

Question 9

External oblique muscles

Answer 9

Question 10

External oblique aponeurosis

Answer 10

It is an inguinal ligament from the anterior superior iliac spine to the superior pubic tubercle (anteriorly formed by aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 11

Internal Oblique muscles

Answer 11

Question 12

Transverse abdominis muscles

Answer 12

Question 13

Rectus abdominus muscles

Answer 13

Question 14

Where is the rectus sheath found

Answer 14

Question 15

Where to find the arcuate line and why is it clinically significant

Answer 15

Site of weakness in abdominal wall (where hernias occur)

Question 16

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

Question 17

Thoracolumbar fascia is composed of 3 layers (anterior, middle and posterior), but what are the 3 attachments

Answer 17

1. Invest the erector spinae
2. Attachment for transversus abdominus
3. Attachment for latissimus dorsi

Question 18

What are the 3 superficial muscles of the back

Answer 18

Erector spinae group:
1) Longissimus
2) Iliocostalis
3) Spinalis

Question 19

What are the 6 deep muscles of the back

Answer 19

1) Multifidus
2) Rotatories
3) Interspinalis
4) Intertranscersarii
5) Quadratus lumborum
6) Iliopsoas

Question 20

Multifidus Muscle function

Answer 20

1) Unilaterally: Bend spine to same side, rotate opposite
2) Bilaterally: Extends the spine
3) Primary stabilizer for back along with oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

Question 21

Explain spine stability

Answer 21

Stability is tested by applying small changes to a system of interest to observe a new behaviour. If the new behaviour is the same as the old then the system is stable; if disturbed behaviour is different from old behaviour then the system is unstable

Question 22

What are the 5 factors that impact spine position

Answer 22

1. Spine with muscles
2. Gravity
3. Stiffness (ligaments)
4. Stiffness (muscles)
5. Neural control