Lecture 34: Cortical Circuits 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the neocortex?

A

sensory perception, motor execution / planning and higher cognitive functions e.g. decision-making, memory, thoughts, learning, attention, emotion, social behaviour, consciousness

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2
Q

Which regions are conserved in mammals?

A

cortical regions

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3
Q

What are association areas like in primates?

A

significantly expanded in primates

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4
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

auditory

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5
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

visual

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6
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

motor, somatosensory and association

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7
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

motor planning, memory, learning and social

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8
Q

What does an increase in structure lead to?

A

an increase in complexity of function

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9
Q

What is the motor and sensory homunculus?

A

a cortical map of the body

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10
Q

What defines the functional aspect of a region of the cortex?

A

its connections (and cellular composition)

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11
Q

What is the neocortex composed of?

A

six layers

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12
Q

What is the pyramidal neuron?

A

the functional unit of the cortex

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13
Q

Which percentage of cortical cells do pyramidal neurons constitute?

A

~75%

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14
Q

What do PYRs integrate synaptic inputs from? Where do most inputs arrive?

A

different pathways

on the dendrites

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15
Q

What can dendrites generate?

A

voltage events

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16
Q

Where do PYRs send axonal projections?

A

both within and outside of the cortex to other brain structures

17
Q

Where does L2/3 input?

A

to the cortex and L5

18
Q

Where does L5 input?

A

to cortical and subcortical regions

also to L6

19
Q

Where does L6 input?

A

to the thalamus

20
Q

Where does L4 input?

A

to L2/3

21
Q

Where does the thalamus input?

A

to L2/3, L4, L5 and L6

22
Q

Which percentage of cortical neurons are interneurons?

A

~20%

23
Q

Which types of selectivity exist in the visual cortex?

A

orientation and direction selectivity

24
Q

What is an important feature of inhibitory circuit computation?

A

surround suppression