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Lent Term 103 > Lecture 33+34- Biotic Changes > Flashcards

Lecture 33+34- Biotic Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What do community distributions depend on?

A

Varying spatial and temporal scales

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2
Q

What two factors cause changes in biomass composition over temporal scales (in communities)?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic factors

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3
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic factors?

A

Extrinsic factors are those that operate outside the community but impact it. Whereas intrinsic factors are changes that act from within the community and are often the result of interactions

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4
Q

Give an example of extrinsic factors(there’s four on the card)

A
  1. Climate
  2. Geomorphology
  3. Edaphic factors
  4. Anthropogenic influences
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5
Q

Give examples of intrinsic influences of communities

A
  1. Invasion
  2. Competition
  3. Predation
  4. Parasitism
  5. Disease
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6
Q

What are edaphic factors?

A

The chemical physical and biological properties of soils, all of which affect the soils ability to sustain diversity and plant support.

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7
Q

What are the three main types of change in communities?

A
  1. Regeneration
  2. Fluctuation
  3. Successional
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8
Q

Which form of change relates to the processes experienced by an individual within a population?

A

Regeneration

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9
Q

Which form of change has no impact on overall biomass?

A

Regeneration also

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10
Q

Which time of change involved a deviation from but ultimate return to mean conditions?

A

Fluctuation/ reversible change

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11
Q

Which type of change is the change from one biomass community to another over time, and is irreversible?

A

Successional

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12
Q

What do fluctuation all changes result from?

A

Phenological changes associated with season climatic regimes(warm/cold). These phenological changes in total biomass and different occur from different species exploiting different resources and times of year

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13
Q

What is short term environmental variation dependant on?

A

Dependant on intensity and duration of deviation from mean conditions

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14
Q

How do fluctional changes impact overall species composition?

A

They cause changes in growth of community components due to different species exploiting different environmental conditions.

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15
Q

What is successional change?

A

A sequential change in form and composition of overall biomass over time

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16
Q

What is succession controlled by?

A

Succession is biotically controlled

17
Q

What are the two biotic factors that primarily control succession?

A
  1. Progressive habitat modification (eg. Adding OM to soils and changes in microclimate)
  2. Interspecific competition. This causes the principle of competitive exclusion
18
Q

What is the principle of competitive exclusion?

A

Those who annoy successfully compete for resources will not progress in the successive sequence

19
Q

What is the climax stage of succession dominated by?

A

The largest and tallest plants that have the greatest access to light

20
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

A

Primary succession, which occurs in areas officially devoid of life( eg. Volcanic) where there is no soil
Secondary succession: occurs after less dramatic disturbances where soils are present but degraded and seeds that are present in the soil can germinate.

21
Q

What is convergence in succession?

A

Irrespective of initial substrate, the process of succession results in the same vegetation communities for a set of given climatic conditions

22
Q

What is the final stage of Clements model?

A

Climatic climax

23
Q

What are subclimaxes in the Clements model.

A

Local physical conditions slow succession , but once this is overcome the community will eventually reach climatic climax

24
Q

What is plagioclimax?

A

When extreme human activities deflect succession from its natural course, into this new plagioclimax stage

25
Q

Give an example of plagioclimax state?

A

Lowland Heath, as the continual removal of above ground trees prevents progression towards the uks natural biome of deciduous woodland

26
Q

What are the four processes involved in succession?

A
  1. Facilitation
  2. Tolerance
  3. Inhibition
  4. Random
27
Q

Explain facilitation’s role in progressing succession?

A

This is where early established species modify a habitat making it more suitable for later colonists

28
Q

How does competition operate in succession?

A

Faster growing species are often less tolerant to environmental conditions over time, so competitively superior species will emerge over time

29
Q

How does inhibition operative in succession?

A

Inhibition (eg. Allopathy) works to inhibit the growth of other species. First established species alter succession until they eventually die, allowing other species to progress succession

Lent Term 103 (5 decks)

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