Lecture

Question 1

3 main functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Ventilate
Perfuse
Diffuse

Question 2

During hypoventilation what accumulates in the lungs?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

What what is the result of hyperventilation in regards to blood gases

Answer 3

Respiratory alkalosis
PH increases
CO2 decreases

Question 4

What are the turbinates

Answer 4

Highly vascular ridges covered with mucosa membranes that trap particulates and warm and humidifier air passing through the nares

Question 5

Why is it important to monitor a patient’s speech in allergic reaction

Answer 5

The airway can swell quickly causing a blockage and respiratory distress

Question 6

What is the dividing line between the upper and lower airways

Answer 6

The glottic opening

Marked externally by the thyroid Cartlidge

Question 7

What are the two zones of the airway

Answer 7

Conducting zone

Respiratory zone

Question 8

What does the conducting zone consist of

Answer 8

The upper airway, Trachea, primary bronchus, Bronchial tree

Question 9

What does the respiratory zone consist of

Answer 9

Terminal bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
Alveolus

Question 10

What covers the conducting airways all the way to the segmental bronchi and causes bronchoconstriction in dilation

Answer 10

Smooth muscle

Question 11

Wheezing that is not relieved by bronchodilators is caused by what

Answer 11

Damage to the parenchyma (Lung tissue) which consists of bronchioles and alveoli

Question 12

What is a goblet cell responsible for

Answer 12

Produces mucus which allows cilia to move particles

Question 13

What are cilia

Answer 13

Hair like structures lining the trachea and bronchi that move particles up and out of the airway

Question 14

Does parenchyma have smooth muscle, cilia and goblet cells

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What two types of cells make up alveoli

Answer 15

Type I: almost empty

Type II: can make a new type I cells

Question 16

What does surfactant do

Answer 16

Reduce surface tension to keep alveoli open.

Question 17

What can cause surfactant to be washed away

Answer 17

Toxic inhalation or near drowning or anything else that causes pulmonary edema

Question 18

What is polycythemia

Answer 18

An over abundance of thick blood characteristic in COPD patients
Strains the right side of the heart and leads to cor pulmonale

Question 19

What are the two main types of respiratory control

Answer 19

Lung receptors and chemo receptors

Question 20

3 types of lung receptors

Answer 20

Irritant receptors
Stretch receptors
J receptors

Question 21

What do irritant receptors do

Answer 21

initiate cough reflex in the conducting airway

Question 22

What do stretch receptors do

Answer 22

Hering-Breuer Reflex, protects lung against over inflation

Question 23

What do J receptors do

Answer 23

sensitive to increased pulmonary capillary pressure, initiates rapid shallow breathing hypotension and bradycardia

Question 24

What are two types of chemoreceptors

Answer 24

Central

Peripheral

Question 25

Where are central chemoreceptors located and how do they work

Answer 25

Located in the respiratory centers of the brain

Senses (pH) hydrogen ion concentration in the CSF which reflects the PaCO2 in the blood

Question 26

Where are peripheral chemo receptors located and how do they work

Answer 26

Aortic and carotid bodies and aortic arch

Sensitive to oxygen levels and signal increased ventilation as PaO2 and pH decrease