Lecture 30- Four Chambered Heart, Layers, Blood Flow Flashcards
Why don’t smaller organisms require a heart?
They use diffusion for waste/O2/nutrients instead
What type of animals require a pump?
3D animals
How many pumps/heart chambers do fish have?
One pump
Two chambered heart
How many pumps/heart chambers to mammals/birds have?
Two pumps
Four chambered heart
What is the main issue with a one pump/2 chamber system?
Not effiecient
What are the two pumps used for in the human body?
One for lungs and the other for the body
What does the left pump do?
Pumps blood from the lungs to the systemic vasculature
What does the right pump do?
Acts as the pulmonary pump and pumps blood to the capillaries in the lungs
Which pump is known as the pulmonary pump?
The right pump
What are the six series steps of the pumps?
Deoxygenated blood–>Right Pump–>Lungs–>Oxygenated blood–>Left Pump–>Systemic Vasculature
Where does blood enter to the Right Atrium through?
Inferior or Superior Vena Cava
What do the inferior and superior vena cavas tell you?
If blood is coming from the head or the lower parts of body
What valve separates the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle?
Right Atrioventricular (AV) valve
AKA Tricuspid valve
What valve separates the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary arterty?
Pulmonary valve
Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?
Vena Cava (superior/inferior)
Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What valve separates the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle?
Left Atrioventricular (AV) valve
AKA Bicuspid valve
What valve separates the Left Atrium and the Aorta?
Aortic valve
What are the right blood path steps? (8)
Deoxygenated blood from body–>Inf/Sup Vena Cava–> Right Atrium–>Right AV valve–>Right Ventricle–>Right Pulmonary valve–>Right Pulmonary artery–>Lungs
What are the left blood path steps? (8)
Oxygenated blood from lungs–>Pulmonary vein–>Left Atrium–>Left AV Valve–>Left Ventricle–>Aortic Valve–>Aorta–>Body
Do veins or arteries carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Do veins or arteries carry blood towards the heart?
Veins
What is the myocardium?
Heart (cardiac) muscle
Surrounds the right/left ventircles
What is the pericardial sac?
Heart sac that surrounds heart
What are the two types of pericardium?
Visceral and Parietal
What is visceral pericardium?
Inner layer along heart (inside of balloon)
What is parietal pericardium?
Outer layer on outside of heart (outside of balloon)
What are the parietal and visceral pericardium layers made of?
Continuous mesothelium
Visceral pericardium attaches to walls of heart
What are epithelial cells?
Cells that rest upon the body’s surface/make contact with outside world
What is the endothelium?
Continuous layer of endothelial cells which line the inside of blood vessels/DO NOT make contact with outside world
What is the mesothelium?
Layers of mesothelial cells/line the Outside of Organs that are Inside the body
Does the parietal or visceral pericardium pertain to the body wall?
Parietal
Does the parietal or visceral pericardium pertain to organs?
Visceral
Why is the fluid between the mesothelial layers important?
Reduces friction when the heart expands so it isn’t painful as the layers rub together
What is pericarditis?
Swelling and irritation of fluid sac which causes pain due to friction
What is Cardiac Tamponade?
Heart has trouble pumping and beating
How does pressure work in the heart?
Low pressure enter and fills the ventricles which produces a larger pressure than outside to force blood out