Lecture 3: Visual Deficits

Question 1

Concave lens= _______

Answer 1

Minus

Question 2

Diopter ____-____ power

Answer 2

Light bending

Question 3

Convex lens=___

Answer 3

Plus

Question 4

Refraction is the way in which light

Answer 4

Bends as it travels from one transparent medium to another of a different density

Question 5

Cornea(40 diopters)+lens(20 diopters)=____________

Answer 5

60 Diopters

Question 6

Hyperopia is _____-sighted

Answer 6

Far

Question 7

In hyperopia the lens ______ have enough light bending power

Answer 7

Does not

Question 8

Myopia is _____-sighted

Answer 8

Near

Question 9

In hyperopia the lens ______ light bending power or the eyeball is _______

Answer 9

Has too much

Too long

Question 10

Astigmatism is when the cornea is

Answer 10

Not spherical

Question 11

A ________ lens is used to correct am astigmatism

Answer 11

Spherical

Question 12

Presbyopia is

Answer 12

The need for vision correction when you get older

Question 13

With presbyopia, you can see _____ but _____ images are blurred

Answer 13

Distance

Close

Question 14

With presbyopia there’s not enough _________

Answer 14

Accomodation

Question 15

Normal age-related eye changes

Answer 15

Declining sensitivity, color perception, and contrast sensitivity.
Dryness-not enough tears
Decreases resistance to glare (tolerance 2.5x times greater at age 20 than 65)
Needing more time to adjust to different levels of light.

Question 16

True or false: low vision is a normal part of aging?

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Best possible correction for low vision is between ___ and ___

Answer 17

20/60

20/400

Question 18

___________ is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans over 60

Answer 18

Macular degeneration (aka age-related maculopathy)

Question 19

Macular degeneration is characterized by the gradual degeneration of the _____ cells

Answer 19

Cone

Question 20

What are the two types of macular degeneration?

Answer 20

Wet or dry

Question 21

Dry M.D is characterized by?

Answer 21

Atrophy of the retinal cells, seen as hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium

Question 22

Wet M.D is characterized by

Answer 22

Exudate, scars, and rupture of blood vessels

Question 23

Treatment is only for ____ M.D

Answer 23

Wet

Question 24

The primary impact of M.D is on _____ vision

Answer 24

Central

Question 25

M.D is characterized by

Answer 25

Areas of blurred vision, shadows, dark spots, or distortions

Question 26

Diabetic retinopathy is the ______ cause of NEW vision loss in American adults between 20 and 74

Answer 26

leading

Question 27

Almost 100% of people with type 1 diabetes and ___ of people with type 2 diabetes will develop some form of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 27

70%

Question 28

What are the two types of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 28

Proliferative, non-proliferative

Question 29

The more serious proliferative DR is associated with

Answer 29

New blood vessel growth, abnormal blood cells, etc.

Question 30

True or false: macular edema can exist at any stage of DR

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Damage to the optic nerve can be caused by increased pressure in the ______ segment, but no ______ is felt

Answer 31

Anterior

Pain

Question 32

In glaucoma, _____ vision is affected, but often goes ______

Answer 32

Peripheral

Unnoticed

Question 33

Treatment consists of medications (to slow aqeueous production)

Answer 33

Ok

Question 34

__________ surgery is the most common surgery in the united states

Answer 34

Cataract

Question 35

Cataracts are characterized by the proteins acumulated in the lens _______ together

Answer 35

Clumping

Question 36

_______ is the leading cause of reversible blindness in developing countries

Answer 36

Cataracts