Lecture 3 - venous drainage and cerebrum Flashcards
Order of drainage from blood to brain
fine veins in brain -> plial venous plexuses -> cerebral veins -> dural venous sinuses (scalp veins also go to here via emissary veins) -> internal jugular vein -> heart
where are the venous sinuses?
between the periosteal and meningeal layer
what blood do VS recieve
doexygenated from brain and scalp and CSF
what are VS that drian superior and deep structures
superior sagittal sinus
where is the superior sagittal sinus
along superior margain of falx cerebri between dural layers
where does the SS join
transverse sinus (on right side)
what do aracnoid villi do in relation to SS
drain CSF
where is inferior saggital sinus and where does it drain to
along inferior margian of falx cerebri and joins the straight sinus
where does straight sinus sit and drain to
within tentorium cerebelli and into left transverse sinus
where is the transverse sinus
on the left side and continuous with the straight sinus
where do sinuses interconnect
in the central region called the confluens
where does the sigmoid sinus sit and drain into
it is a forward continuation of the transverse sinus and opens into the internal jugular vein
what does the cavernous sinus drain
inferior structures
where is the cavernous sinus?
lateral to the pituitary gland and liked with venous channels
where does the cavernous sinus drain into
the superior (goes into the transverse sinus) and inferior petrosal (internal jugular v)
BE ABLE TO SHOW ON DIAGRAM
what do emissary veins do?
drain blood from facial skin around the nose and upper lip aswell as skull infection/injuries into the cavernous venous sinus
which type of emissary vein drains the nose and upper lip
opthalmic veins
what are functional areas of the cerebral cortex
motor, sensory and association
what areas of the cerebral cortex does conscious behaviour involve
all
KNOW ALL LOBES AND AREAS
what does motor homunculus mean
the area of the coetex related to specific region is proportional to the amount of motor control over that region
what do pyramidial neurons project axons to
spinal cord
is motor innervation isolateral or conterolateral
conterolateral
what does primary motor cortex control (somatic)
skilled voluntary movements
what does Occlusion of a branch of
anterior cerebral artery cause
contralateral hemiplegia
* greatest in the lower limb
what does Occlusion of a branch of
middle cerebral artery cause
- contralateral hemiplegia
- severe in the upper limb and face
what does premotor cortex contol
learned motor skills
what does Supplementary and Cingulate Motor Areas recieve from and wehre do axons go to
- Receive inputs from many other cortical areas and thalamus
- Axons contribute to the corticospinal tract
what does damage to supplementary and cingulate areas cause
- Damage - loss of desired skilled movements & speech
what is the prefrontal cortex used for
personality and mannerisms. intellect, complex learning abilities (cognition), recall
where does prefrontal cortex connect to
extensive connections with parietal,
temporal and occipital lobes
how does PFC develop and what is it dependant on
slowly and is heavily dependant on postive and negative feedback of persons environment
is PFC anything with emotion?
yes, links to limbic system and plays a role in judgement and mood
main role of post central gyrus and what else is it known as
somatosensory cortex, processing sensory information
homunculus meaning
little man - sensorimatic mapping
KNOW GYRUS AREAS
what does damage to somatosensory association cortex cause (in the superior parietal lobe)
unable to recognise objects without lookng directly at them
what is the Somatosensory Association Cortex responsible fro
integrating different sensory inputs relayed
via the primary somatosensory cortex to
produce a comprehensive understanding
* position of limbs
* location of touch or pain
* shape, weight & texture of an object
what happens in the Visual Association area
intepretatino of visula stimuli via communication with V1
where are faces recognised?
temporal lobe
what neurons ‘see’
cortical neurons
