Lecture 3 - venous drainage and cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

Order of drainage from blood to brain

A

fine veins in brain -> plial venous plexuses -> cerebral veins -> dural venous sinuses (scalp veins also go to here via emissary veins) -> internal jugular vein -> heart

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2
Q

where are the venous sinuses?

A

between the periosteal and meningeal layer

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3
Q

what blood do VS recieve

A

doexygenated from brain and scalp and CSF

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4
Q

what are VS that drian superior and deep structures

A

superior sagittal sinus

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5
Q

where is the superior sagittal sinus

A

along superior margain of falx cerebri between dural layers

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6
Q

where does the SS join

A

transverse sinus (on right side)

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7
Q

what do aracnoid villi do in relation to SS

A

drain CSF

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8
Q

where is inferior saggital sinus and where does it drain to

A

along inferior margian of falx cerebri and joins the straight sinus

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9
Q

where does straight sinus sit and drain to

A

within tentorium cerebelli and into left transverse sinus

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10
Q

where is the transverse sinus

A

on the left side and continuous with the straight sinus

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11
Q

where do sinuses interconnect

A

in the central region called the confluens

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12
Q

where does the sigmoid sinus sit and drain into

A

it is a forward continuation of the transverse sinus and opens into the internal jugular vein

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13
Q

what does the cavernous sinus drain

A

inferior structures

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14
Q

where is the cavernous sinus?

A

lateral to the pituitary gland and liked with venous channels

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15
Q

where does the cavernous sinus drain into

A

the superior (goes into the transverse sinus) and inferior petrosal (internal jugular v)

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16
Q

BE ABLE TO SHOW ON DIAGRAM

A
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17
Q

what do emissary veins do?

A

drain blood from facial skin around the nose and upper lip aswell as skull infection/injuries into the cavernous venous sinus

18
Q

which type of emissary vein drains the nose and upper lip

A

opthalmic veins

19
Q

what are functional areas of the cerebral cortex

A

motor, sensory and association

20
Q

what areas of the cerebral cortex does conscious behaviour involve

A

all

21
Q

KNOW ALL LOBES AND AREAS

A
22
Q

what does motor homunculus mean

A

the area of the coetex related to specific region is proportional to the amount of motor control over that region

23
Q

what do pyramidial neurons project axons to

A

spinal cord

24
Q

is motor innervation isolateral or conterolateral

A

conterolateral

25
Q

what does primary motor cortex control (somatic)

A

skilled voluntary movements

26
Q

what does Occlusion of a branch of
anterior cerebral artery cause

A

contralateral hemiplegia
* greatest in the lower limb

27
Q

what does Occlusion of a branch of
middle cerebral artery cause

A
  • contralateral hemiplegia
  • severe in the upper limb and face
28
Q

what does premotor cortex contol

A

learned motor skills

29
Q

what does Supplementary and Cingulate Motor Areas recieve from and wehre do axons go to

A
  • Receive inputs from many other cortical areas and thalamus
  • Axons contribute to the corticospinal tract
30
Q

what does damage to supplementary and cingulate areas cause

A
  • Damage - loss of desired skilled movements & speech
31
Q

what is the prefrontal cortex used for

A

personality and mannerisms. intellect, complex learning abilities (cognition), recall

32
Q

where does prefrontal cortex connect to

A

extensive connections with parietal,
temporal and occipital lobes

33
Q

how does PFC develop and what is it dependant on

A

slowly and is heavily dependant on postive and negative feedback of persons environment

34
Q

is PFC anything with emotion?

A

yes, links to limbic system and plays a role in judgement and mood

35
Q

main role of post central gyrus and what else is it known as

A

somatosensory cortex, processing sensory information

36
Q

homunculus meaning

A

little man - sensorimatic mapping

37
Q

KNOW GYRUS AREAS

A
38
Q

what does damage to somatosensory association cortex cause (in the superior parietal lobe)

A

unable to recognise objects without lookng directly at them

39
Q

what is the Somatosensory Association Cortex responsible fro

A

integrating different sensory inputs relayed
via the primary somatosensory cortex to
produce a comprehensive understanding
* position of limbs
* location of touch or pain
* shape, weight & texture of an object

40
Q

what happens in the Visual Association area

A

intepretatino of visula stimuli via communication with V1

41
Q

where are faces recognised?

A

temporal lobe

42
Q

what neurons ‘see’

A

cortical neurons