Lecture 3 - The Curved Arrow Notation & Reaction Mechanisms

Question 1

functional group:

Answer 1

a functional group is a characteristically bonded group of atoms

Question 2

each functional group exhibits:

Answer 2

each functional group exhibits its own particular chemical activity

Question 3

in terms of functional groups, how may alliances be viewed?

Answer 3

alkanes may be viewed as the blank template upon which functional groups are placed

Question 4

compounds with the same functional group compromise:

Answer 4

a compound class

Question 5

R Notation:

Answer 5

R represents all alkyl groups

Question 6

phenyl groups may be represented by:

Answer 6

Ph-

Question 7

the Ar- notation:

Answer 7

we use the Ar- notation for more highly substituted benzene rings

Question 8

criterion for electron deficiency:

Answer 8

electron deficiency is an electron count short of an octet by one or more electron pairs

Question 9

lewis acid:

Answer 9

a lewis acid is a species that accepts an electron pair to form a new bond in a chemical reaction

Question 10

lewis base:

Answer 10

a lewis base is a species that donates the electron pair to a lewis acid to form a new bond in a chemical reaction

Question 11

how do the electrons flow in a lewis acid/base reaction?

Answer 11

electrons flow from the electron donor (lewis base) to the electron acceptor (lewis acid)

Question 12

what direction will arrows always move in?

Answer 12

they will always originate from the electron pair that is attacking!

Question 13

how many arrows does a displacement reaction require?

Answer 13

2 arrows

Question 14

where can electron pair originate from?

Answer 14

either a lone pair or a pair from within a pre-existing bond

Question 15

every reaction involving electron pairs fits into one of these two categories (or combinations):

Answer 15

1) lewis base + an electron defficient compound

or

2) electron-pair displacement reactions

Question 16

multiple steps of the synthesis of an amide:

Answer 16

•Addition A + B -> C
•Elimination C -> A + B
•Substitution A + B-C -> A-B + C

Question 17

describe and name the skype of reaction that occurs in the hydrolysis of esters:

Answer 17

during the hydrolysis of an ester an saponification reaction occurs which is effectively irreversible and is classified as a nucleophilic acyl substitution

Question 18

when do resonance structures describe a molecule?

Answer 18

resonance structures describe a molecule when a single lewis structure is inadequate (its one in between lewis and full on 3D dotted-line-wedge structures)