Lecture 3: Psychological and Sociocultural Aspects of PA for OA Flashcards
What are some aging stetreotypes
losses and decline
doom and gloom
perceived as a negative condition
perceived as a social problem
Do most OA view themselves as disadvantaged or in decline?
No
What is agesim
Discrimination against a person based on the chronological age
Explain 5 types of discrimination faced by Canadian seniors from most common to least common
- Ignored and treated as invisible
- Nothing to contribute
- Incompetent
- Hard of hearing
- Memory loss
Based on the perception from older adults, who are the top 5 groups of people responsible for discrimination faced by OA?
- Younger people
- Health care system/professionals
- Government
- Employers
- Local businesses
What are the 3 constitutional elements of ageism
- Prejudicial attitudes towards are and aging process
- Discriminatory practices against the elderly (employment and social roles)
- Institutional policies that reduce life opportunities and personal dignity (black market baths)
What is a social stigma
A set of negative and unfair beliefs that a society/group of people have about something
As an exercise specialist, give 4 examples on how you can promote positive images of aging in your center
- physically active OA can act as public speaker
- hire OA as staff members
- post photos of physically active OA on a bulletin board in the facility where you teach
- contact the media to publish testimonials from your participants on how PA improved their lives
Why were OA discouraged to join PA programs in the past?
Physical activity is too demanding and OA are too frail
True or False: All aspects of health and physical function deteriorate (continually) as we age
FALSE
True of False: All changes in health and functional abilities of older people are natural consequences of growing older
FALSE
What are 5 common myths in the Active older adult?
- you have to be healthy to exercise
WRONG! the goal of PA is to improve health one step at a time - I am too old to start exercising
WRONG! PA can benefit all ages - even centenarians - you need special clothing and equipment
- no pain no gain
- i am too busy to exercise
Wrong- simply need to adapt to a new daily routine (20 min walk around the mall)
Describe the study “Effects of progressive resistance training on body comp in frail older adults: results of a randomized controlled trial”
91 sedentary men and woman with physical frailty enrolled in a 3 month trial of exercise training had a peak aerobic power between 10 and 18 with 2 instrumental ADL or one basic
CTL group low intensity ET program or supervised group that performed 3 months of low intensity exercise and 3 of PTR
the supervised group had greater improvements of knee extension FFM increased
Describe the FITT principle for the study
Frequency: 3 x / week; 36 sessions in 3 months
Intensity: 1-RM measured during knee extension, flexion, seated bench press, seated row, leg press and biceps curl
Goal: do 3 sets of 8-12 reps at 85%-100% of the initial 1-RM at the end of the program
Type: Progressive Resistance training
Time: 60-90 min sessions
Why were 1-RM measurements repeated at monthly intervals?
To readjust work load intensity because 1RM is increasing
What were the main Results of the study
They improved in everything, % improvements ranged from 12-43% after exercise training
What are two specific psychological conditions that early focused on the effect of PA
- Depression
2. Anxiety
Why has this researched tapered off
Because clinicians determined that only a small proportion of older adults actually suffer from these conditions
What 3 current characteristics do research studies focus the effect of PA on psychological well-being
- Self esteem
- Self efficacy
- General well-being
Is mental health/illness an important field of intervention in kinesiology?
Yes
Aging is associated with __________
A loss of perceived control
What is self-efficacy?
an individuals sense of control of his/her environment and ability to function effectively
What is the recommended duration of an exercise program to see greater effects on psychological well being vs shorter programs
10 weeks
True or False: Maintaining cognitive function is NOT vital to quality of life in later years
False: Maintaining cognitive function IS vital to quality of life in later years
What combo of skills (6) is involved in cognitive functioning
- memory
- attention span
- learning
- goal setting
- decision making
- problem solving
Which type of PA does research suggest that physically active and fit OA process cognitive information more efficient than less fit OA
Aerobic and Strength
The study done by Colcombe and Kramer looked at what 4 categories
- Speed tasks: simple tasks requiring rapid response times (space bar when light comes on)
- Visuospatial tasks: tasks that required rotating real or imaginary objects in 3D (a puzzle)
- Controlled processing tasks: effortless processing strategies - become auto with practice (driving)
- Executive control tasks: require coordination, inhibition, working memory. Doesn’t become auto (solving novel problems, modifying behavior in the light of new info, generating strategies to reach a goal)
Rank the Results that PA had the greatest impact on
A) Speed Tasks
B) Visuospatial tasks
C) Controlled Processing Tasks
D) Performance of Executive Control Tasks
1) Performance of Executive Control Tasks
2) Controlled processing tasks
3) Visuospatial tasks
4) Speed tasks
Obviously combining strength training with aerobic training is best, however if they had to be separate which one is the best
Aerobic training alone is better than strength training alone
Define quality of life
An individuals conscious judgment of satisfaction with his life
Name 2 self-report inventories
- Life satisfaction inventory
2. Satisfaction with life scale
How many questions in the life satisfaction survey
and how is it rated
25 question
0 - 4
0 = never
4 = always
What are the 2 ways to interpret the score on the life satisfaction survey
1. Cumulative Score 81-100: content 61-80: okay 41-60: not going in the right direction less than 40: lacks fulfillment 2. interpret it based on the 25 different areas
Medically, QOL can be divided into what 2 domains
- Functioning
2. Wellness/Well-Being
What 3 aspects determine functioning
Physical ability and dexterity
Cognition
Ability to perform ADLs
What 4 aspects determine wellness
Physical symptoms and bodily states
Emotional Wellbeing
Self-Concept
Global perception of health and life style satisfactiom
What are 2 immediate psychological benefits of PA for OA’s
- Relaxation
decreases stress and anxiety
tip: encourage OA to build daily PA breaks - Enhanced mood state
PA can help counter some of the negative effects of decreased health and isolation
What are 4 long term psychological benefits of PA
- general well being: increase self esteem and self efficacy and self control
- improved mental health: decrease depressions and anxiety
- cognitive improvements: help postpone a decrease in cognitive performance
- monitor control and performance: help improve balance and decrease fall risk
- skill aquisition
Define social functioning
ability to adjust to changing roles and responsibilities associated with growing older
What are 3 examples where an aging person may need to adjust
retirement
death of spouse
moving
What are 3 immediate benefits of social implications of PA
Empowerment
Independence
Self Efficacy
These will help OA play a more active role in society
What are 5 long terms benefits of social implications on PA
Social integration New friendships Widen social and cultural networks New roles Enhanced shared activities
