Lecture 3 - Personality assessment of PD

Question 1

Alternative Models of PD - Five-Factor Model (FFM) or Big Five

Answer 1

• Openness to experiences – to what extent you are open in new environments, for exploration
• Contentiousness – to what extent do you like to organize or do some things
• Extraversion – to what extend your outgoing
• Agreeableness – are you able to trust others, invest in relationships, be on good terms with others
• Neuroticism – to what extent you and to have many emotions, negative emotions
• FFM to map PD
• Schizoid – low on neuroticism (low of emotions in general), low extraversion, low agreeableness (don’t invest in relationships), low openness

Question 2

Alternative Models of PD - Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD)

Answer 2

• Similar to Big 5 but an alternative version
• Level of personality functioning
• Dimension model 25 traits based on 5 domains:
• Negative affect
• Detachment
• Antagonism
• Disinhibition
• Psychoticism
• ICD-11, is a model that is preferred over the DSM-5 in some regions of Europe

Question 3

Personality assessment of PD

Answer 3

• Personality history, weaknesses and strength, intelligence, defense mechanisms, attachment styles, coping styles, social ability, childhood, traumatic experiences, cognition, affects, emotion regulation styles, personality traits, environment, support system …
• E.g., Intelligence, because of different interpretation of symptoms, because of different diagnostics based on IQ

Question 4

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 1

Answer 4

Manifest pathology/symptomatology
- Objective and subjective symptoms

• Instruments:
• File research, clinical judgment
• WAIS-V (intelligence testing)
• SCID-5-PD and PID-5 (structured clinical interview, each criterion from the DSM-V)
• UCL (coping mechanisms)
• SCL-90 (psychological and physical symptoms)

Question 5

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 2

Answer 5

Relationship/ support systems

• Does the client have a support system?
• How can be best described the clients support system?
• What way is the client support system of help?
• Instruments:
• Clinical Interview/ Hetero-anamnesis

Question 6

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 3

Answer 6

Cognition and Schemas

• Everyone has implicit and explicit schemas
• Domain theme regarding yourself, others, and the world
• Rigid, not adaptive, not flexible can only change a little bit
• Arise in childhood
• Conscious, familiar
• Instruments:
• Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ)
• Nederlandse Persoonlijkheids Vragenlist-2 (NPV-2)

Question 7

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 4

Answer 7

Personality structure/dynamics
- Not about diagnostics but about generating a hypothesis about the structural, underlying vulnerability of the patient

• Instruments:
• MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 (Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory)
• Dutch Short Form of the MMPI (DSFM) or Nederlandse Verkorte MMPI (NVM)
• Projective instruments: Thematic-Apperception Test (TAT), House-Tree-Person (HTP), Sentence completion test

Question 8

MMPI-3

Answer 8

• High reliability and validity
• Low face validity for items
• Questions: Yes or No
• Example:
  1. I like mechanics magazines
  2. I have a good appetite
  3. I wake up fresh and rested most mornings
  4. I think I Would like the work of a librarian
  5. I am easily awakened by the noise
  6. I like to read newspaper articles on crime
• 53 empirically validated scales:
• 10 validity scales: L, K, F’s, TRIN, CRIN, FBS, and RBS
• 9 restructured and 3 HO scales
• 4 somatic/cognitive and 10 internalizing
• 7 externalizing and 5 interpersonal
• 5 personality psychopathology scales (AMPD)

Question 9

Thematic-Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 9

• Show picture, ask for an explanation
• Questions:
  1. What do you see? What is happening in the picture?
  2. What emotions are displayed here?
  3. What do you think happens next?
• Show multiple pictures
• Themes that come up multiple times, show a projection of a person

Question 10

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 5

Answer 10

Attachment/ early trauma

• To get an idea of someone’s attachment styles, i.e., their interpersonal dynamics in short-term and long-term interpersonal relationships
• Attachment styles that are present in relationships now and attachment styles in childhood
• Attachment types: as linked to parenting styles
• Secure attachment
• Dismissive attachment
• Preoccupied attachment
• Fearful/avoidant attachment
• Instruments:
• Adult attachment Interview (AAI), answers give information about attachment styles
• Trauma-related questionnaires
• Video early development

Question 11

Integrative Psychodiagnostic - Domain 6

Answer 11

Temperament/biological make up

• Stable personality characteristic/biological
• Trait oriented
• Instruments:
• Temperament and characteristics questionnaire (TCI)
• Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-3)