Lecture 3 - Organisational Change

Question 1

What are the two natures of change and their approaches?

Answer 1

PLANNED: Moving from one state to another in a structured manner.
Approaches:
-Rely on assumptions that an organisation’s environment is known
-Change is planned to facilitate movement
-Stable & Predictable

EMERGENT: Largely Fluid and emerging, it’s all pervasive and continuous
APPROACHES:
-Part of what happens in naturally in an organisations environment
-Change can be planned to facilitate movement
- Responsive and Adaptive

Question 2

Who’s and what is the three step model of change process

Answer 2

• Kurt Lewin’s
  1) Unfreeze - identify where change is needed, ensure strong support of stakeholders, create need for change
• Move Change - communicate often, dispel rumours, empower action, involve people in the process
• Refreeze - embed new culture, develop new methods to sustain the change, provide support + training, celebrate success
• Transition

Question 3

Who’s and what is the force field analysis

Answer 3

Kurt Lewin

-Resisting forces:
Lack of Knowledge
Short Staffed
Low Morale
Poor Equipment
Poor Quality
Late Output
Low Belief

-Change

-driving forces:
 Promise of Financial Rewards
Desire of Financial Rewards 
Threats
Wish for Better Image
Desire to do Better
Pressure from Stakeholders
Market demands

Question 4

What Is The Contingency Approach?

Answer 4

1) Different Organisations face Different Situations and therefore must vary their change strategies accordingly.
2) A challenge to planned and Emergent Models of Change

Question 5

What Is The Contingency Model Of Change And By Whom?

Answer 5

(Dumpy and Stace (2001)

Fine Tuning - Refining methods, policies, and procedures, typically at the level of the division or department

Incremental Adjustment - Distinct modifications to strategies, structures and management processes, but not radical enough to be described as strategic

Modular Transformation - Restructuring departments and divisions, potentially radical, but at the level of parts of the organisation and no the whole

Corporate Transformation - Strategic change throughout the organisation, to structures, systems, procedures, mission, values and power distribution

Question 6

What is the Depth of Organisational Invention ADAPTED and who created it?

Answer 6

Fine Tuning - SURFACE
Incremental Adjustment - SHALLOW
Modular Transformation - PENETRATING
Corporate Transformation - DEEP TRANSFORMATIONAL
Paradigm Shift – change to definitions/thinking/actions