Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCP Unit 1 > Lecture 3: Intro To Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Intro To Nucleic Acids Flashcards

0
Q

Which viruses have dsDNA?

A

PAPILLOMA, herpes, smallpox

Frequently transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

In which direction is mRNA read during translation?

A

5’ –> 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s one type of virus which has ssDNA?

A

Bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s a virus which has dsRNA?

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which viruses have +sense ssRNA?

A

HEPATITIS C, dengue, rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which viruses have -sense ssRNA?

A

EBOLA, measles, mumps, influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

A

Nucleoside lacks phosphate

Nucleotide = base + sugar + phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key difference between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA lacks 2’ -OH

H is susceptible to attack by base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Between which functional groups do phosphodiester bonds form? What is the directionality of the chain?

A

5’-OH and 3’-OH

5’ –> 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the differentiating functional groups on the pyrimidine bases?

A

Cytosine: NH2
Thymine: CH3
Uracil: =O
One ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the differentiating functional groups on the purine bases?

A

Adenine: NH2
Guanine: =O
Two rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nucleoside and nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) forms of adenine?

A

Adenosine

Adenylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the nucleoside and nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) forms of guanine?

A

Guanosine

Guanylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the nucleoside and nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) forms of cytosine?

A

Cytidine

Cytidylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the nucleoside and nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) forms of uracil?

A

Uridine

Uridylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the nucleoside and nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) forms of thymine?

A

Thymidine

Thymidylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the modifications made to bases in DNA, and what do they do?

A

5-methyl-cytosine –> packaging of chromosomal DNA, X inactivation
5-hydroxymethylcytosine –> may regulate gene expression by demethylating DNA, lots in CNS

17
Q

What are the base modifications in RNA and what do they do?

A

Hypoxanthine: purine biosynthesis, anticodon of tRNA
Pseudouracil: tRNA
N6-methyladenosine: mRNA; gene expression and splicing

18
Q

List 5 cellular functions of nucleotides

A
  1. Building blocks for DNA, RNA
  2. Carry energy
  3. Part of coenzymes (FAD, NAD(P)+, coenz A
  4. Precursors for 2nd messengers (cAMP, cGMP)
  5. Intermediates in biosyn
19
Q

How many h-bonds bonds form between AT and GC?

A

AT 2

GC 3

20
Q

What is the form and handedness of DNA?

A

B form

Right handed double helix

21
Q

How many base pairs are in one turn of the helix?

A
  1. 5 base pairs

3. 4 angstrom

22
Q

What is Chargaff’s rule?

A

AT and CG pair

23
Q

Why are the major and minor grooves created?

A

Sugar phosphate backbones are unevenly spaced

24
Q

When does Z form DNA form?

A

Transcription

Results from negative supercoiling, high salt

25
Q

What are two base locations for covalent modifications, which cause DNA bending and affect protein binding,

A

N6-methyl-deoxyadenosine

5-methyl-deoxycytidine

26
Q

What are hoogstein base pairs?

A

Syn confirmation of purine bases

27
Q

How does ionic strength affect Tm of DNA?

A

Directly proportional
High salt stabilizes DNA
Binds (-) P in backbone, decreases repulsion between chains

28
Q

How does pH affect Tm of DNA?

A

Inversely proportional.
High [OH] denature DNA
Forms H bonds with bases –> stabilizes ssDNA

29
Q

Below the Tm of DNA, will rehybridization be high or low stringency?

A

Low stringency

30
Q

What is the composition of a nucleosome?

A

Two each: H2A, H2B, H3, H4

DNA

31
Q

How many times does DNA wrap around each histone core?

A

1.65 times

32
Q

Is euchromatin packed tightly or loosely?

A

Loosely

33
Q

Do repetitive sequences favor eu- or heterochromatin?

A

Heterochromatin

34
Q

What is the difference between Topoisomerase I and II?

A

I cuts one strand

II cuts two

35
Q

What are the secondary structures of RNA and what is their purpose?

A

Hairpin and stem loop

Function and recognition

36
Q

What are the types of non coding RNA?

A

rRNA, tRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA, snRNA, exRNA, piRNA, long ncRNA, ribozymes

37
Q

What percent of total RNA do rRNA and tRNA comprise, respectively?

A

rRNA 80%

tRNA 15%

38
Q

What role does miRNA play?

A

Inhibit translation of specific mRNA

Animal development

39
Q

In what pathway does siRNA function?

A

RNA interference

40
Q

Why is ddGTP a chain terminator if incorporated into a dsDNA molecule?

A

H on C-3 position of deoxyribose

Need OH for phosphodiester bond

MCP Unit 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions