lecture 3 - immunology in cancer Flashcards
Why does immunosupression increase the risk of developing cancer?
There will be reduction in T cell and natural killer cell numbers, which are usually responsible for a normal immune response to cancer cells
Why is chronic inflammation a risk factor for cancer development?
In inflamed tissues there is increased cellular proliferation, leading to an increased risk of developing mutations. Inflamed tissues may also provide a better environment for tumours to grow or metastasise
What are tumour antigens?
Self-antigens or neo-antigens that are expressed by tumour cells and may be recognised by the immune system.
What are the principles of cancer treatment with chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy induces cell death of rapidly dividing cancer cells, and awakens the immune system to attack these dying cells.
What is immunogenic cell death of cancer?
The release of chemicals from dying cancer cells that attracts the immune system to the cancer, killing more tumour cells.
How are vaccines used in cancer prevention?
Vaccinations for viruses/bacteria that are associated with cancer development, e.g. HPV
What are Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in cancer treatment?
Drugs that block molecules that induce T cell exhaustion, meaning T cells continue to attack cancer cells.
How can MHC be targeted by cancer to evade the immune system?
Down-regulation of MHC-I by cancer cells prevents presentation of cancer antigens, allowing for immune evasion.
What cells are commonly found within a solid tumour microenvironment?
Cancer cells, fibroblasts, macrophages
