Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geriatrics Theory > lecture 3- GI > Flashcards

lecture 3- GI Flashcards

1
Q

mouth does what

A

chew food, food mixes with saliva and turns into bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what occurs in mouth

A

some carb b/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

after mouth, food is moved thru what

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pharynx

A

peristaltic waves initiate swallow reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is swallow reflex

A

as bolus goes in, innervation in pharynx senses food is there and needs it to start sm muscle pushing food down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

impairment of sensing food there

A

in neuro disease- parkinsons, CVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

impaired sense of food there means what

A

inc risk of dysphagia/aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what interventions for risk of dysphagia/aspiration?

A

HOB up while eating, high fowlers, keep up at least 20 mins after eating. HOB up 30 degrees at all times.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

esophagus does what

A

peristalsis, sm muscle innervation, helps move bolus into stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens in stomach

A

bolus/stomach contents mix with hydrochloric acid & pepsin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does pepsin do

A

starts protein b/d then controls propelling of chyme into sm intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sm intesting

A

large amount of absorption. chyme mixes w/ other enzymes.. absorbs protein, lipids, CHO, vit, H2O, elytes; controls propelling of chyme to lg intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lg intestine

A

lots of absorption of most fluids. bolus propelling to colon then into rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does lg intestine do if dehydrated

A

pulls fluid from stool, makes stool drier/harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sphincters

A

prevent bolus from being pushed back up. keeps it flowing thru intestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

liver/gallbladder

A

produce various enzymes

bile synthesis/secretion/storage/concentration/expulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pancreas

A

synthesis/secretion of enzymes and alkaline fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oropharynx (mouth/throat) changes

A

bone atrophy, gum recession, worn dentin/enamel, tooth loss/damage, oral mucosa thinning, dec saliva alkalinity, dec taste buds, inc salty/sweet threshold,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

esophagus changes

A

dec upper esophageal pressure, dec secondary peristalsis, hypertrophy upper 1/3 of sk muscle, thickening of lowe 2/3 sm muscle, dec # ganglion cells coordinating peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

esophageal changes can lead to what

A

GERD, med-induced esophaheal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

stomach changes

A

dec gastric mucosal cytoprotection, dec response to injury, dec gastric mucosal proliferation/regeneration

22
Q

stomach “little changes”

A

gastric acid secretion, intrinsic factor secretion, blood flow

23
Q

stomach changes effect

A

inc susceptibility to GI infx

24
Q

sm intestine changes

A

dec uptake of vitD, folic acid, VitB12, Ca, Cu, Zn, fatty acids, cholesterol. dec sm muscle, strenght, tone. impaired response to bolus. villus atrophy. dec neurons in myenteric plexis. dec immune “f”.

25
Q

sm intestine changes effects

A

prone to bact overgrowth and malabsorption

26
Q

lg intestine changes

A

dec anorectal distention sensitivity. inc transit time. dec coordination of contractions. dec mech integrity. inc collagen in colon wall. dec ability to resist inc intraluminal pressure

27
Q

lg intestine changes effect

A

prone to diverticulosis/itis, constipation

28
Q

accessory organ changes

A

dec liver size, bf, perfusion; dec # hepatocytes, remainder enlarge; inc bile lithogenesis; dec pancreas wt, inc fibrosis and cell degranulation

29
Q

accessory organ changes effect

A

prone to cholelithiasis

30
Q

GI assessment

A

look flat/distended/obese?
listen to all 4 quads
feel soft/firm/tender?
last BM, INO, N/V, diet, meds

31
Q

constipation definition

A

none.
small/dry/hard that are difficult to pass, < 2-3/week, incomplete passage of stool.
associated with pain, inc straining, inc flatus/bloating

32
Q

epidemiology of constipation

A

inc w/ age, most common elder GI complaint.

33
Q

risk factors of constipation

A

poor nutrition/hydration, sedentary, cranial injury

34
Q

patho of constipation

A

dec rectal tone, impaired rectal sensation, inc rectal distention needed for int. anal sphincter relaxation.
failure to relax puborectalis & external anal sphincter w/ attempted defaction.

35
Q

med causes of constipation

A

analgesics, anesthetics, antacids, anticholinergic, anticonvulsants, antiHTN, antiparkinsons, calcium, diuretics, iron, phenothiazines

36
Q

conditions that cause constipation

A

intestinal, metabolic, neuro, dec cals/fiber/fluids, fever, immobility

37
Q

assess for constipation

A

usual pattern, last BM, impaction

38
Q

labs for constipation

A

abd xray, barium studies

39
Q

meds for constipation

A

bulk (fibercon), stimulant (dulcolax), softener (colace), osmotic (MOM)

40
Q

nsg implication for constipation

A

inc fiber/fluids/exercise, monitor INO, privacy, access to BR (bedpan, commode, toilet)

41
Q

complications of constipation

A

fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, urinary retention, UTI, hemorrhoids, rectal bleeds

42
Q

DM

A

metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia and sometimes ketoacidosis

43
Q

epidemiology of DM

A

7th leading cause of death in US. 23.6 mil persons dx in US. incidence inc w/age.

44
Q

what % of people </= 40 yo dx DM

A

<5%

45
Q

what % of people >/= 60 yo dx DM

A

23%

46
Q

what race/gender/age highest incidence of DM

A

African Am Women over 65 yo

47
Q

2nd highest incidence of DM

A

hispanic men/women over 65 yo

48
Q

y DM undiagnosed in elder

A

sometimes symptoms are vague, aging changes resemble other disease processes

49
Q

annual cost of DM

A

$174 mil/year

50
Q

type 2 DM

A

90-95% of all elders have this type

51
Q

patho of DM type 2

A

hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance to glucose transport into cells r/t dec receptors & cell metab changes. then dec insulin secretion.

Geriatrics Theory (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions