Lecture 3: Cranial Nerves

Question 1

CN I

Answer 1

Olfactory

Question 2

CN II

Answer 2

Optic

Question 3

CN III

Answer 3

Oculomotor

Question 4

CN IV

Answer 4

trochlear

Question 5

CN V

Answer 5

Trigeminal

Question 6

CN VI

Answer 6

Abducents

Question 7

CN VII

Answer 7

Facial

Question 8

CN VIII

Answer 8

vestibulocochlear

Question 9

CN IX

Answer 9

Glossopharyngeal

Question 10

CN X

Answer 10

Vagus

Question 11

CN XI

Answer 11

Accessory

Question 12

CN XII

Answer 12

Hypoglossal

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is commonly affected by dental and oral procedures?

Answer 13

CN V: Trigeminal

Question 14

True or false, CN V is affected if CN VII experiences trauma?

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What motor control does CN V have?

Answer 15

controls muscles of mastication

Question 16

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 16

temporalis, masseter, pterygoid

Question 17

How do you test the muscles of mastication?

Answer 17

have patient clench and palpate for tone and muscle bulk bilaterally

Question 18

How do you test the strength of pterygoid?

Answer 18

have the patient try to remain open mouth while trying to resist closure by the clinician?

Question 19

What does CN VII Control?

Answer 19

Muscles of facial expression

Question 20

Which nerve innervates the pharynx and tongue?

Answer 20

CN IX

Question 21

What does CN XII innervate?

Answer 21

tongue

Question 22

How do you test CN XII?

Answer 22

Examine tongue for atrophy and asymmetry. See if the tongue deviates to one side.

Question 23

What CN runs alongside CN XII?

Answer 23

CN X

Question 24

What is acromegalsy?

Answer 24

endocrine issue in which there is excess growth hormone released by the pituitary gland

Question 25

What clinical findings of acromegaly?

Answer 25

enlarged hands/feet, multiple diastema, enlarged mandible, diabetes, HTN

Question 26

What can limit growth cause?

Answer 26

lack of growth hormone, indiction of a tumor, secondary to radiation therapy, and genetics

Question 27

What are the clinical presentations of those with limited growth?

Answer 27

elevated cholesterol, low bone density, jaundice, limited growth and stature, single central incisor

Question 28

What is the clinical presentation of hyperparathyroidisM/

Answer 28

ossifying fibroma in mandible or maxillofacial complex

Question 29

What causes rickets?

Answer 29

Lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate

Question 30

What are the clinical presentations of rickets?

Answer 30

- caries - enamel hypoplasia (due to lack of vitamin D) - Delayed eruption or formation of dentition - large pulp chambers, short roots in dentition

Question 31

What is type I DM?

Answer 31

it is autoimmune mediated

Question 32

What is type II DM?

Answer 32

Insulin resistance

Question 33

What tests should you run for a patient with DM/

Answer 33

A1C, ECG interpretation, anti-hyperglycemic medication

Question 34

When looking at fasting glucose, what does that indicate?

Answer 34

it is a snapshot of the serum glucose at the time of sample blood draw

Question 35

What are diabetics at risk for?

Answer 35

silent MI due to diabetic neuropathy (typically masks chest pain

Question 36

What consideration should you have if your patient has DM/

Answer 36

Ensure that they have pre-operative carbohydrate intake and starting glucose

Question 37

What is the purpose of an insulin pump?

Answer 37

maintains a basal rate to ensure blood glucose stays with 90-120mg/dl

Question 38

What should you consider if a patient has a long appointment and has an insulin pump/

Answer 38

modify the basal rate in the absence of regular carbohydrate intake

Question 39

What is the concern that you should be wary about when you are giving anesthetic to a diabetc?

Answer 39

poorly controlled chronic diabetics usually are unable to tolerate increases of BP or HR, which can precipitate further arrhythmias

Question 40

What are the complications of diabetes?

Answer 40

diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglcemic hyperosmolar state

Question 41

what is diabetic keotacidosis?

Answer 41

when the body does not have insulin to provide blood sugar to cells for energy, the liver will begin to break down it's fat, which produces acids called ketones. If there are too many ketones then, this can upset the chemical balance of blood, and can poison the body.