Lecture 3: Cervical Medical Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of yellow flag in the C spine?

A

pain associated with psychological distress that adversely affect outcomes for ms pain, fear of movement

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2
Q

What are some serious pathological neck conditions?

A

neoplastic, fractures, upper cervical ligament instability, VBI systemic dz, cardiac

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3
Q

What are some indications that neck pain could be neoplastic?

A

over 50, unexplained weight loss, no relief of sx, night pain, prior history of cancer

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4
Q

What types of cancer most commonly metastasize to the neck/spine?

A

breast, lung prostate

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5
Q

What is a pan coast tumor?

A

carcinoma in apex of lung, can present as neck/shoulder pain or C7-T1 palsy

pt likely over 50 and hx of smoking

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6
Q

What are some sx of pan coast?

A

weakness or atrophy or intrinsic hand muscles, Horner’s syndrome if affecting sympathetic ganglia (constriction of pupil and drooping of eyelid on same side of tumor)

ulnar nerve distribution

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7
Q

When should you be suspicious of a cervical fracture?

A

major trauma w/o medical clearance or minor trauma in pts with osteoporosis

sx: severe limitation in all neck AROM

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8
Q

What tools are best for determining fx?

A
  1. canadian C spine clinical prediction rule (better diagnostic accuracy)
  2. Nexus
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9
Q

What are risk factors for ligamentous instability?

A

major trauma, DS, RA, prolonged steroid use, connective tissue disorder

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10
Q

What are sx of ligamentous instability?

A

severe limitation during neck AROM in all directions, signs of cervical myelopathy, occipital headache and numbness

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11
Q

What are sx of systemic dz?

A

high temp over 98.6, BP greater than 160/95, resting pulse over 100, RR over 25, excessive fatigue

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12
Q

During exam what medical screening questions should be asked before performing ROM?

A

any dizziness, arthritis, steroid use, anticoagulants, neuro signs, respiratory hx, imaging

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13
Q

What are 4 self report outcome measures for cervical spine?

A
  1. Neck Disability index
  2. patient specific functional scale
  3. global rating of change
  4. Fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire
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14
Q

What are important things to remember about posture assessment?

A

see static and dynamic

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15
Q

What shoulder motions should be tested for neck exam?

A

active elevation, Abduction, ABD/ER, Add/IR

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16
Q

What are norms for c spine ROM?

A

flexion/ext- 45
SB- 45-60
Rotation- 75

17
Q

What is the dizziness test?

A

PT holds pts head while pt turns feet with head staying still can help differentiate between vestibular and MS

18
Q

What are special tests for upper cervical instability?

A
  1. alar ligament
  2. modified sharp purser
  3. C2 relocation
19
Q

What is alar ligament test?

A

SB the occiput only and palpate for immediate motion of SP of C2

Collar and call MD if positive!

20
Q

What are indications for stability testing?

A

trauma, feeling of head feeling heavy, sx of tongue numbness, N/V, severe HA, dizziness, lump in throat, signs of SC compression

21
Q

What is modified sharp purser test?

A

pt flexes head and reports if they feel any signs or sx if not then stabilize C2 and apply posterior force to head

22
Q

What is transverse ligament relocation test?

A

pt supine PT performs a P/A glide of C2, definite capsular end feel should be felt

23
Q

What is a positive transverse ligament test?

A

improvement in sx, hearing or feeling clunk, laxity or excess motion

COLLAR and immediate referal

24
Q

What are special tests for cervical radiculopathy?

A

spurlings, cervical distraction, compression, neurodynamic testing

25
Q

What is purpose of neurodynamic testing?

A

determine the sensitivity of the neural structures or mobility of the strcutures

26
Q

What is procedure of median nerve test?

A

shoulder depression, ABD (110), ER (80), supination, wrist/finger extension

Elbow extension done last and slowly

27
Q

What is procedure for radial nerve?

A

shoulder depression, ABD and IR, pronation wrist flexion, fingers and thumb flexion

28
Q

What is procedure for ulnar nerve?

A

shoulder depression, ABD, elbow flexion (done last) pronation wrist extension

29
Q

What is a positive result for neurodynamic test?

A

reproduction of sx and greater than 10 degree diff in elbow side to side

30
Q

What is also important to see during neurodynamic test?

A

to see if sx decrease or increase with SB away and towards

31
Q

What is quadrant or spurlings test?

A

pt seated and asked to SB and slightly rotate to the painful side and PT provides compression

32
Q

What are sx of upper motor neuron lesion?

A

ataxic gait, bilateral weakness numbness/tingling

33
Q

What is Hoffman’s sign?

A

flicking of 3rd finger looking to see if thumb and pointer finger flex

34
Q

What is Lhermitte’s test?

A

pt flexes neck, positive if feeling of electric shock

35
Q

What is inverted supinator sign?

A

PT supports pts forearm in slight pronation and provides series of quick strikes to brachioradialis tendon

pos- finger flexion and slight elbow extension

36
Q

What are two different types of PAIVMS?

A

(PA)- central and unilateral

37
Q

What is neck flexor muscle endurance test?

A

ability to lift head and neck against gravity

norm- 39 seconds
neck pain - 24 seconds

38
Q

What is cranial cervical flexion test?

A

ability to initiate and maintain isolated cranial and cervical flexion (deep neck flexors)